{"id":458,"date":"2023-04-30T17:23:58","date_gmt":"2023-04-30T22:23:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/?page_id=458"},"modified":"2023-05-12T12:18:20","modified_gmt":"2023-05-12T17:18:20","slug":"important-historical-people","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/enslavement-in-south-hadley\/important-historical-people\/","title":{"rendered":"Enslavement in South Hadley"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/enslavement-in-south-hadley\/\">Enslavement in South Hadley Homepage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/enslavement-in-south-hadley\/task-force\/\">Task Force<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/enslavement-in-south-hadley\/monument-and-inspiration\/\">Monument &amp; Inspiration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/enslavement-in-south-hadley\/important-historical-people\/\">Important Historical People <\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/enslavement-in-south-hadley\/important-geographical-places\/\">Important Geographical Places <\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/enslavement-in-south-hadley\/helpful-people-resources\/\">Helpful People &amp; Resources <\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Important Historical People <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Found Names of Enslaved Peoples [this list is not exhaustive]:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This list is not exhaustive and some of the names are not conclusively enslaved individuals specifically in South Hadley. Some names come from the greater Hadley area but were added since South Hadley had been an unsettled part of the Town of Hadley. There is also a chance that some of the names are the names of free men and women who had not been enslaved. All the names, however, are valuable in learning more about enslavement in South Hadley.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Caesar Cambridge<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cambridge was born in 1755 in Massachusetts. He was enslaved in South Hadley by David Mitchell. He bought his freedom through his wages from the Revolutionary War which were paid to David Mitchell as an agreement for his release. The location of his emancipation documents is unknown. And, there is not much information about his life after the war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more information on Caesar Cambridge and possible family members click the links below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/markauslander.com\/2023\/02\/19\/in-search-of-caeser-cambridge-a-former-enslaved-man-in-south-haldley-massachusetts\/\">In Search of Caesar Cambridge, a former enslaved man in South Hadley, Massachusetts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancestry.com\/family-tree\/tree\/189259510\/recent?o_xid=86684&amp;o_lid=86684&amp;o_sch=Email+Programs#\">Ancestry.com Caesar Cambridge Family Tree<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Phillip Mitchell &amp; Philip Cambridge<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phillip Mitchell and Philip Cambridge are theorized to be the same person. Some evidence of this can be seen in census records. The 1800 census reports Phillip Mitchell as the head of household residing with three people of color in South Hadley. In the 1810 census, a Philip Cambridge is listed as the head of household residing with three people of color in South Hadley as well. It was also theorized that the change in name is Mitchell to Cambridge was because Phillip had been enslaved by David Mitchell along with Caesar Cambridge and that Phillip and Caesar may have been kin.&nbsp; Leo Labonte also put forth the idea that Caesar Cambridge and Phillip may have been brought to Massachusetts by the Mighills family from Virginia.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not much is known about Phillip himself and there is a need to dig further into him other than just his theorized kinship with Caesar Cambridge.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more information, Leo Labonte\u2019s and Mark Auslander\u2019s emails can be found below. There is also the blog post <a href=\"https:\/\/markauslander.com\/2023\/02\/19\/in-search-of-caeser-cambridge-a-former-enslaved-man-in-south-haldley-massachusetts\/\">In Search of Caesar Cambridge, a former enslaved man in South Hadley, Massachusetts<\/a> by Professor Auslander.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Selor Sword, Lorin Larkin, &amp; Jonas Jackson<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selor, Lorin, and Jonas are named as \u2018comrades\u2019 of Caesar Cambridge from South Hadley and Granby. No property deeds with their names could be found, so more research is needed to determine their histories and possible towns of enslavement.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See Sophie Eastman\u2019s chapter \u201cSouth Hadley in the Revolution,\u201d <em>In Old South Hadley<\/em>, 1912, who identifies Selor, Lorin, and Jonas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recent research done by Mark Auslander shows that Lorin Larkin was from Granby, recorded in the Hampshire County, MA, Revolutionary War roll dated 20 April 1778. It also records his age at the time being twenty-two, serving in the Massachusetts 15th Battalion, and being of \u2018dark\u2019 complexion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"228\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/864\/2023\/04\/Image-2-1024x228.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/864\/2023\/04\/Image-2-1024x228.png 1024w, https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/864\/2023\/04\/Image-2-300x67.png 300w, https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/864\/2023\/04\/Image-2-768x171.png 768w, https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/864\/2023\/04\/Image-2-1536x342.png 1536w, https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/864\/2023\/04\/Image-2-1200x267.png 1200w, https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/864\/2023\/04\/Image-2.png 1896w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancestry.com\/imageviewer\/collections\/4282\/images\/miusa1775a_113590-00194?pId=571319\">https:\/\/www.ancestry.com\/imageviewer\/collections\/4282\/images\/miusa1775a_113590-00194?pId=571319<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>William (Bill) McGee<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bill was enslaved in New Jersey before running away to Massachusetts. He lived as a free man in South Hadley and the town arranged for a headstone in the Old Burial Ground to be erected after he passed away. More research should be done to look into his history and family in New Jersey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See Sophie Eastman\u2019s chapter \u201cSouth Hadley after the Revolution,\u201d <em>In Old South Hadley<\/em>, 1912, where she discusses Bill\u2019s story and treatment in South Hadley.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Vina Clark<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vina Clark, originally from South Hadley, was married to John Richardson on 12 October 1837 at the First Church of Springfield.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Their marriage was recorded by Reverend Samuel Osgood who denoted them both as \u201ccolor\u2019d\u201d. Vina\u2019s freedom status before or after her marriage is not clear and further research is needed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Ppp5p06RYGCapqNCcF57NezdOpUZs1eF\/view?usp=share_link\">this document<\/a> from the Records of the First Church of Springfield, 1809-1855 (Wood Museum of Springfield History, Springfield, MA [Series 03, subseries 02, Box 04]).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.umass.edu\/pvhn-blackhistory\/project-database\/\">Documenting the Early History of Black Lives in the Connecticut River Valley, UMass Dataset<\/a> for a summary of what is known about Vina.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Research done by Mark Auslander reveals that Vina Clark and her husband, John Richardson, may have been living in an all-black household in Westfield, MA. John Richardson died on 6 June 1842, in Westfield, MA. We are unsure where Vina is after her husband\u2019s death, but in the 1830 census, the family of Justin W Clark is recorded as living in Hadley, who has a free \u201ccolored\u201d female aged 10-23. The unnamed woman may have been Vina, but more research is needed to be conclusive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Coffee &amp; Fillis<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Coffee and Fillis (Phyllis) were married and likely from Coventry, Connecticut. On 6 January 1767, they were warned out of South Hadley. \u201cWarning out\u201d was an official method commonly used in New England communities to pressure \u201coutsiders\u201d to settle elsewhere. The freedom status of Coffee and Fillis is unclear and further research is needed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See the <a href=\"https:\/\/credo.library.umass.edu\/view\/pageturn\/mums704-i6671\/#page\/1\/mode\/1up\">Massachusetts Inferior Court of Common Pleas<\/a> (Hampshire), Book 10 (I), pg.43 for the court record of Coffee and Fillis\u2019s \u201cwarning out\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.umass.edu\/pvhn-blackhistory\/project-database\/\">Documenting the Early History of Black Lives in the Connecticut River Valley, UMass Dataset<\/a> for a summary of what is known about Coffee and Fillis.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Martha<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Martha, originally from Petersham, Massachusetts, was also warned out of South Hadley alongside other families and individuals on 25 July 1766. She had only been in South Hadley for ten weeks. Her freedom status during this time is unclear and requires further research.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Xiyk8lpEheE5sc0s_uQb3DYgj5CJCzju\/view?usp=sharing\">this court document<\/a> of Martha\u2019s \u201cwarning out\u201d from the <a href=\"https:\/\/credo.library.umass.edu\/view\/pageturn\/mums704-i6671\/#page\/1\/mode\/1up\">Massachusetts Inferior Court of Common Pleas<\/a> (Hampshire), Book 10 (I), pg. 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.umass.edu\/pvhn-blackhistory\/project-database\/\">Documenting the Early History of Black Lives in the Connecticut River Valley, UMass Dataset<\/a> for a summary of what is known about Martha.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>John Way&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Served in the Revolutionary War under Captain Israel Chapman and Colonel Elisha Porter. May have been related in some way to Ralph Way of Hadley.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"134\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/864\/2023\/04\/johnway-1024x134.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/864\/2023\/04\/johnway-1024x134.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/864\/2023\/04\/johnway-300x39.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/864\/2023\/04\/johnway-768x101.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/864\/2023\/04\/johnway-1536x201.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/864\/2023\/04\/johnway-2048x268.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/864\/2023\/04\/johnway-1200x157.jpeg 1200w, https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/864\/2023\/04\/johnway-1980x259.jpeg 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more information click the link below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/markauslander.com\/2023\/02\/19\/in-search-of-caeser-cambridge-a-former-enslaved-man-in-south-haldley-massachusetts\/\">In Search of Caesar Cambridge, a former enslaved man in South Hadley, Massachusetts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dar.org\/library\/research-guides\/forgotten-patriots\"><em>Forgotten Patriots; African American and Native American Patriots in the Revolutionary War<\/em><\/a> (edited by Eric G Grundset) records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Toby White<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recorded as having served in the Revolutionary War and being from South Hadley in <em>Forgotten Patriots; African American and Native American Patriots in the Revolutionary War<\/em> (edited by Eric G Grundset) records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more information click the link below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/markauslander.com\/2023\/02\/19\/in-search-of-caeser-cambridge-a-former-enslaved-man-in-south-haldley-massachusetts\/\">In Search of Caesar Cambridge, a former enslaved man in South Hadley, Massachusetts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dar.org\/library\/research-guides\/forgotten-patriots\"><em>Forgotten Patriots; African American and Native American Patriots in the Revolutionary War<\/em><\/a> (edited by Eric G Grundset) records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Found Names of Enslavers [this list is not exhaustive]:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Slaveowners in South Hadley and surrounding areas were socially prominent and commonly religious leaders (such as deacons and ministers). By the time of the Stamp Act (1765), there were around 6,000 enslaved people in Massachusetts. Below are the names of enslavers in South Hadley. Although not an exhaustive list, these individuals might have been the most prominent and well-known enslavers in South Hadley.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Deacon David Nash<\/li><li>David Mitchell, enslaver of Caesar Cambridge&nbsp;<\/li><li>Deacon William Eastman<\/li><li>Squire Benjamine Eastman<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See Sophie Eastman\u2019s chapter \u201cSouth Hadley after the Revolution,\u201d <em>In Old South Hadley<\/em>, 1912, for mentions of these people.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons alignwide is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fe48e5de wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/enslavement-in-south-hadley\/monument-and-inspiration\/\">&lt; monument &amp; inspiration<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--2\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/enslavement-in-south-hadley\/important-geographical-places\/\">important geographical places &gt;<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons alignwide is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fe48e5de wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--3\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/enslavement-in-south-hadley\/\">return home<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Important Historical People Found Names of Enslaved Peoples [this list is not exhaustive]: This list is not exhaustive and some of the names are not conclusively enslaved individuals specifically in South Hadley. Some names come from the greater Hadley area but were added since South Hadley had been an unsettled part of the Town of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1592,"featured_media":0,"parent":6,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-full-width.php","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-458","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1592"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=458"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/458\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":849,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/458\/revisions\/849"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/decolonizingmuseums23\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}