{"id":245,"date":"2019-04-03T20:12:01","date_gmt":"2019-04-03T20:12:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/historyoftheromancelanguages2019\/?p=245"},"modified":"2019-04-29T16:11:15","modified_gmt":"2019-04-29T16:11:15","slug":"etymological-content","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/historyoftheromancelanguages2019\/2019\/04\/03\/etymological-content\/","title":{"rendered":"Etymological Content"},"content":{"rendered":"

Phonetic analysis\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

*All words from the source text are the same words in modern standard Italian.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. (Latin) PAUCU > (Source text\/modern standard Italian) POCO<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [p\u00e1w-ku] > [p\u05db-ko]<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. PAUCU > POCU<\/span>\n
        \n
      1. [p\u00e1w-ku] > [p\u05db-ku]<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. Diphthong \/AW\/ resolved to low mid \/\u05db\/ <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
      3. POCU > POCO<\/span>\n
          \n
        1. [p\u05db-ku] > [p\u05db-ko]<\/span><\/li>\n
        2. Word final \/u\/ high back to \/o\/ mid high back<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

           <\/p>\n

            \n
          1. SYLVA > SELVA<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            [s\u00edl-wa] > [s\u00e9l-va]<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. SYLVA > SELVA<\/span>\n
                \n
              1. [s\u00edl-wa] > [s\u00e9l-wa]<\/span><\/li>\n
              2. Grapheme change from \/y\/ high front to \/e\/ mid low front<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
              3. SELVA > SELVA<\/span>\n
                  \n
                1. [s\u00e9l-wa] > [s\u00e9l-va]<\/span><\/li>\n
                2. Semiconsonant [wa] high back undergoes lenition to becomes the fricative labio-dental voiced [v] <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. RADIUS > RAGGIO<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    [r\u00e1-djus] > [r\u00e1-d\u0292o]<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. RADIUS > RAGGIUS<\/span>\n
                        \n
                      1. [r\u00e1-djus] > [r\u00e1-d\u0292-us]<\/span><\/li>\n
                      2. Regular palatalization \/d + j\/ \u201cDI\u201d to \/d\u0292\/ \u201cGG\u201d through gemination; evolution from yod \/d + j\/ voiced palatal approximant to affricate postalveolar voiced \/d\u0292\/<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                      3. RAGGIUS > RAGGIU<\/span>\n
                          \n
                        1. [r\u00e1-d\u0292ius] > [r\u00e1-d\u0292u]<\/span><\/li>\n
                        2. Loss of final \/-s\/ <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                        3. RAGGIU > RAGGIO<\/span>\n
                            \n
                          1. [r\u00e1-d\u0292u] > [r\u00e1-d\u0292o] <\/span><\/li>\n
                          2. Word final \/u\/ high back to \/o\/ mid high back<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                             <\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. STATIONEM > STAGIONE<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              [sta-tji-o-nem] > [sta-d\u0292one]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. STATIONEM > STAGIONEM<\/span>\n
                                  \n
                                1. [sta-tji-o-nem] > [sta-d\u0292o-nem]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                2. Exception: \/t + j\/ is supposed to yield \/t\u222b\/ affricate alveolar voiceless, but instead yields \/d\u0292\/ \u201cGI\u201d affricate postalveolar voiced<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                3. STAGIONEM > STAGIONE<\/span>\n
                                    \n
                                  1. [sta-d\u0292o-nem] > [sta-d\u0292one]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                  2. Loss of word final \/M\/ <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                     <\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    1. DULCIS > DOLCE<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                      [d\u00fal-kis] > [dol-t\u222be]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      1. DULCIS > DOLCIS<\/span>\n
                                          \n
                                        1. [d\u00fal-kis] > [dol-kis]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                        2. Evolution of stressed syllable vowel \/u\/ high back to \/o\/ mid high back<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                        3. DOLCIS > DOLCIS<\/span>\n
                                            \n
                                          1. [dol-kis] > [dol-t\u222bis]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          2. Regular palatalization of \/k + i\/ \u201cCI\u201d to \/t\u222b\/ affricate alveolar voiceless<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                          3. DOLCIS > DOLCES<\/span>\n
                                              \n
                                            1. [dol-t\u222bis] > [dol-t\u222bes]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                            2. Evolution of word final \/i\/ high front to \/e\/ mid low front<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                            3. DOLCES > DOLCE<\/span>\n
                                                \n
                                              1. [dol-t\u222bes] > [dol-t\u222be]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              2. Loss of final \/-s\/<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                 <\/p>\n

                                                  \n
                                                1. PLAGIA > PIAGGIA<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                  [pl\u00e1-gia] > [pj\u00e1-d\u0292a]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  1. PLAGIA > PIAGIA<\/span>\n
                                                      \n
                                                    1. [pl\u00e1-gia] > [pj\u00e1-gia]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                    2. Regular palatalization of \/PL-\/ to \/pj\/ \u201cPI\u201d fricative palatal voiced<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                    3. PIAGIA > PIAGIA<\/span>\n
                                                        \n
                                                      1. [pj\u00e1-gia] > [pj\u00e1-d\u0292i-a]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                      2. Regular palatalization of \/g + i\/ to \/d\u0292\/ \u201cGI\u201d affricate postalveolar voiced<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                      3. PIAGIA > PIAGGIA<\/span>\n
                                                          \n
                                                        1. [pj\u00e1-d\u0292i-a] > [pj\u00e1-d\u0292a]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                        2. Gemination of \/G\/ to \u201cGG\u201d for consonant lengthening \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                           <\/p>\n

                                                            \n
                                                          1. DIRECTUS > DRITTO<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                            [di-rek-tus] > [drit-to]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                              \n
                                                            1. DIRECTUS > DRECTUS<\/span>\n
                                                                \n
                                                              1. [di-rek-tus] > [drek-tus]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                              2. Syncope of unstressed vowel \u201c\u012d\u201d <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                              3. DRECTUS > DRETTUS<\/span>\n
                                                                  \n
                                                                1. [drek-tus] > [dret-tus]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                2. Regular palatalization of \/k + t\/ cluster to \/tt\/ voiceless through assimilation<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                3. DRETTUS > DRITTUS<\/span>\n
                                                                    \n
                                                                  1. [dret-tus] > [drit-tus]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                  2. Evolution of \/e\/ mid low front to \/i\/ high front<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                  3. DRITTUS > DRITTOS<\/span>\n
                                                                      \n
                                                                    1. [drit-tus] > [drit-tos]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                    2. Evolution of word final \/u\/ high back to \/o\/ mid high back<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                    3. DRITTOS > DRITTO<\/span>\n
                                                                        \n
                                                                      1. [drit-tos] > [drit-to]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                      2. Loss of final \/-s\/<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                         <\/p>\n

                                                                          \n
                                                                        1. MEDIUS > MEZZO<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                          [me-dj-us] > [med-d\u0292o]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                            \n
                                                                          1. MEDIUS > MEZZUS<\/span>\n
                                                                              \n
                                                                            1. [me-dj-us] > [me-d\u0292-us]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                            2. Regular palatalization of \/d + j\/ \u201cDI\u201d to \/d\u0292\/ \u201cZZ\u201d through gemination<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                            3. MEZZUS > MEZZOS<\/span>\n
                                                                                \n
                                                                              1. [me-d\u0292-us] > [med-d\u0292os]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                              2. Evolution of word final \/u\/ high back to \/o\/ mid high back<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                              3. MEZZOS > MEZZO<\/span>\n
                                                                                  \n
                                                                                1. [med-d\u0292os] > [med-d\u0292o]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                2. Loss of final \/-s\/<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                   <\/p>\n

                                                                                    \n
                                                                                  1. MORTEM > MORTE<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                    [mor-tem] > [mor-te]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                      \n
                                                                                    1. MORTEM > MORTE<\/span>\n
                                                                                        \n
                                                                                      1. [mor-tem] > [mor-te]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                      2. Loss of final \/-m\/<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                         <\/p>\n

                                                                                          \n
                                                                                        1. MATUTINUM > MATTINO<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                          [ma-tu-ti-num] > [mat-ti-no]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                            \n
                                                                                          1. MATUTINUM > MATTINUM<\/span>\n
                                                                                              \n
                                                                                            1. [ma-tu-ti-num] > [mat-ti-num]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                            2. Syncope of unstressed vowel \/u\/ <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                            3. MATTINUM > MATTINOM<\/span>\n
                                                                                                \n
                                                                                              1. [mat-ti-num] > [mat-ti-nom]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                              2. Evolution of word final \/u\/ high back to \/o\/ mid high back<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                              3. MATTINOM > MATTINO<\/span>\n
                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                1. [mat-ti-nom] > [mat-ti-no]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                2. Loss of final \/-m\/<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                   <\/p>\n

                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                  1. PAVOREM > PAURA<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                    [pa-wo-rem] > [pa-u-ra]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                    1. PAVOREM > PAUREM<\/span>\n
                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                      1. [pa-wo-rem] > [pa-u-rem]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                      2. Diphthongization of \/AW\/ \u201cAV\u201d to \/u\/ high back<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                      3. PAUREM > PAURAM<\/span>\n
                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                        1. [pa-u-rem] > [pa-u-ram]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                        2. Evolution of word final \/e\/ mid low front to \/a\/ low front<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                        3. PAURAM > PAURA<\/span>\n
                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                          1. [pa-u-ram] > [pa-u-ra]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                          2. Loss of final \/-m\/<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                             <\/p>\n

                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                            1. ANIMUS > ANIMO<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                              [a-ni-mus] > [a-ni-mo]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                              1. ANIMUS > ANIMOS<\/span>\n
                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                1. [a-ni-mus] > [a-ni-mos]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                2. Evolution of word final \/u\/ high back to \/o\/ mid high back<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                3. ANIMOS > ANIMO<\/span>\n
                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                  1. [a-ni-mos] > [a-ni-mo]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                  2. Loss of final \/-s\/<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                     <\/p>\n

                                                                                                                    Analysis of verbal morphology<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                    *Vulgar Latin etymon > Word in <\/span>Divina Commedia<\/span><\/i> > modern Italian<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                    1. DICERE > DIR > DIRE
                                                                                                                      \n<\/strong>[di-ke-re] > [di-r] > [di-re]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                      1. Class IV verb in present indicative; rhizotonic; first and second plural endings <\/span>-iamo -iate<\/span><\/i> are taken from the Latin <\/span>-IAMUS -IATIS<\/span><\/i>; three allomorphs <\/span>dic- <\/span><\/i>[dit\u222b-] <\/span>dic-<\/span><\/i> [dik-] <\/span>dit-<\/span><\/i> [dit-] by analogy; For the <\/span>Divina Commedia<\/span><\/i>, Dante drops the end vowel \u201cE\u201d for stylistic reasons to fit the meter of the poem <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                        1. DICERE > DICERE
                                                                                                                          \n<\/span>[di-ke-re] > [di-t\u222be-re]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                          Regular palatalization of \/k + e\/ \u201cCE\u201d to \/t\u222b\/ affricate alveolar voiceless<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          2.<\/span>\u00a0DICERE > DICRE
                                                                                                                          \n[di-t\u222be-re] > [dic-re]<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          Syncope of the unstressed vowel \u201cE\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          3. DICRE > DIRE
                                                                                                                          \n[dic-re] > [di-re]<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          Complete lenition of \u201cC\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                           <\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                          1. ERAT > ERA > ERA
                                                                                                                            \n<\/strong>[er-at] > [e-ra] > [e-ra]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                            1. Class II verb in imperfect form; arhizotonic; in Vulgar Latin, it is the imperfect form of the word ESSE; in modern Italian, it is the imperfect indicative form of the word ESSERE; Italian forms retain the Latin stress pattern, so the stress falls on the penultimate syllable; no allomorphic changes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                              1. ERAT > ERA
                                                                                                                                \n<\/span>[er-at] > [e-ra]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                Loss of word final \/-T\/<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                 <\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                1. SPERARE > SPERAR > SPERARE
                                                                                                                                  \n<\/strong>[spe-ra-re] > [sper-ar] > [spe-ra-re]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                  1. Class I verb in present indicative; arhizotonic; no allomporhy, all stems in Latin and modern Italian are <\/span>sper-<\/span><\/i>; regular phonetic change <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                    1. SPERARE > SPERAR
                                                                                                                                      \n<\/span>[spe-ra-re] > [sper-ar]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                      For the <\/span>Divina Commedia<\/span><\/i>, Dante drops the end vowel \u201cE\u201d for stylistic reasons to fit the \u00a0meter of the poem; modern Italian SPERARE remains faithful to the Latin etymon<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                       <\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                      1. RENOVAT > RINOVA > RINNOVA
                                                                                                                                        \n<\/strong>[re-no-vat] > [ri-no-va] > [rin-no-va]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                        1. Class I verb in present indicative; arhizotonic; no allomorphy, all stems in Latin are <\/span>renov-<\/span><\/i> and in modern Italian <\/span>rinnov-<\/span><\/i>; regular phonetic change<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                          1. RENOVAT > RINOVAT
                                                                                                                                            \n<\/span>[re-no-vat] > [ri-no-vat]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                            Evolution of \/e\/ mid low front to \/i\/ high front<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                            2. RINOVAT > RINOVA
                                                                                                                                            \n[ri-no-vat] > [ri-no-va]<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                            Loss of final \/-t\/<\/span><\/p>\n


                                                                                                                                            \n<\/span>3. RINOVA > RINNOVA
                                                                                                                                            \n[ri-no-va] > [rin-no-va]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                            Gemination of \u201cN\u201d to \u201cNN\u201d for consonant strengthening<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                             <\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                            1. TRACTARE > TRATTAR > TRATTARE
                                                                                                                                              \n<\/strong>[trac-ta-re] > [trat-tar] > [trat-tar-e]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                              1. Class I verb in present indicative; arhizotonic; no allomorphy, all stems in Latin are <\/span>tract-<\/span><\/i> and in modern Italian <\/span>tratt-<\/span><\/i>; regular phonetic change<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                1. TRACTARE > TRATARE
                                                                                                                                                  \n<\/span>[trac-ta-re] > [tra-tar-e]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                  Lenition of \u201cC\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                  2. TRATARE > TRATTARE
                                                                                                                                                  \n[tra-tar-e] > [trat-tar-e]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                  Gemination of \u201cT\u201d to \u201cTT\u201d for consonant strengthening <\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                  TRATTARE > TRATTAR<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                  For the <\/span>Divina Commedia<\/span><\/i>, Dante drops the end vowel \u201cE\u201d for stylistic reasons to fit the \u00a0meter of the poem<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                   <\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                  1. FUGIEBAT > FUGGIVA > FUGGIVA
                                                                                                                                                    \n<\/strong>[fu-gi-e-bat] > [fud-d\u0292i-va] > [fud-d\u0292i-va]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                    1. Class IV verb in imperfect form; arhizotonic; in Vulgar Latin, it is the imperfect form of the word FUGERE; in modern Italian, it is the imperfect indicative form of the word FUGGIRE; all stems in Latin are <\/span>fugieba-<\/span><\/i> and in modern Italian <\/span>fuggiv-<\/span><\/i>; no allomorphy, regular phonetic change<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                      1. FUGIEBAT > FUGIBAT
                                                                                                                                                        \n<\/span>[fu-gi-e-bat] > [fu-gi-bat]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                        Syncope of the unstressed vowel \u201cE\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        2. FUGIBAT > FUGGIBAT
                                                                                                                                                        \n[fu-gi-bat] > [fug-gi-bat]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        Gemination of \u201cG\u201d to \u201cGG\u201d for consonant strengthening\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        3. FUGGIBAT > FUGGIBAT
                                                                                                                                                        \n[fug-gi-bat] > [fud-d\u0292i-bat]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        Regular palatalization of \/g + i\/ to \/d\u0292\/ \u201cGI\u201d affricate postalveolar voiced<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        4. FUGGIBAT > FUGGIVAT
                                                                                                                                                        \n[fud-d\u0292i-bat] > [fud-d\u0292i-vat]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        Sound change from \u201cB\u201dvoiced bilabial plosive to \u201cV\u201d voiced labiodental fricative<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        5. FUGGIVAT > FUGGIVA
                                                                                                                                                        \n[fud-d\u0292i-vat] > [fud-d\u0292i-va]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        Loss of final \/-t\/<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                         <\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        Analysis of noun\/adjective morphology<\/span> <\/b><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        From Dante\u2019s <\/span>Divina Commedia<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                        1. <\/b> Tant’ \u00e8 amara che poco \u00e8 pi\u00f9 <\/i><\/b>morte<\/i><\/b> (line 7) <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                          MORTEM > MORTE<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                          1. Belongs to the 3rd declension, singular any gender noun; from the Accusative group with ending \/-EM\/ in classical Latin<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                          2. Reconstructed Popular Latin two-case system: follows 3rd declension non-nominative for nouns that didn\u2019t reduce to gender; loss of word final \/-M\/<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                          3. Reconstructed pre-Italian noun morphology: kept final ending \/-E\/ non-nominative for either gender<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                            MORTEM > MORTE
                                                                                                                                                            \n<\/span>[mor-tem] > [mor-te]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                            1. MORTEM > MORTE<\/span>\n
                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                              1. [mor-tem] > [mor-te]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                              2. Loss of final \/-m\/<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                 <\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                ____________________________________________________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                1. <\/b>mi ritrovai per una <\/i><\/b>selva<\/i><\/b> oscura <\/i><\/b>(line 2)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                  SYLVA > SELVA<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Belongs to the 1st declension, nominative feminine singular noun<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Reconstructed Popular Latin two-case system: follows 1st declension, nominative singular<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                  3. Reconstructed pre-Italian noun morphology: case difference is lost, follows \u201c-A\u201d ending<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    SYLVA > SELVA
                                                                                                                                                                    \n<\/span>[s\u00edl-wa] > [s\u00e9l-va]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                    1. SYLVA > SELVA<\/span>\n
                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                      1. [s\u00edl-wa] > [s\u00e9l-wa]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Grapheme change from \/y\/ high front to \/e\/ mid low front<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                      3. SELVA > SELVA<\/span>\n
                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                        1. [s\u00e9l-wa] > [s\u00e9l-va]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Semiconsonant [wa] high back undergoes fortition to become the fricative labio-dental voiced [v] <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                          ____________________________________________________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                          1. <\/b> che m’avea di paura <\/i><\/b>il<\/i><\/b> cor compunto <\/i><\/b>(line 15)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                            ILLE > IL<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Masculine singular article; original Latin Demonstrative<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Follows regular phonetic evolution of Romance definite articles; loss of word final \/-E\/ and degemination of \u201cLL\u201d to \u201cL\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                              ILLE > IL
                                                                                                                                                                              \n<\/span>[il-le] > [il]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                              1. ILLE > ILE<\/span>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                1. [il-le] > [il-e]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Degemination of \u201cLL\u201d to \u201cL\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                3. ILE > IL<\/span>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. [il-e] > [il]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Loss of word final \/-E\/<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    ____________________________________________________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. <\/b> Io<\/i><\/b> non so ben ridir com\u2019 i\u2019 v\u2019intrai <\/i><\/b>(line 10)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      EGO > IO<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Subject pronoun, tonic<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Case difference from Latin remains<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Loss of intervocalic -G- and regular evolution of E > I <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                        EGO > IO
                                                                                                                                                                                        \n<\/span>[e-go] > [i-o]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. EGO > IGO<\/span>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. [e-go] > [i-go]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Regular evolution of \/e\/ mid low front to \/i\/ high front<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                          3. IGO > IO<\/span>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. [i-go] > [i-o]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Loss of intervocalic -G-<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                              ____________________________________________________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. <\/b>ma per trattar del ben ch’i’ <\/i><\/b>vi<\/i><\/b> trovai<\/i><\/b> (line 8)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                VOS > VI<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Object pronoun, atonic<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                2. From the non-subject Latin \u201cvos\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                3. Follows regular phonetic evolution <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                  VOS > VI
                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n<\/span>[vo-s] > [vi]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. VOS > VIS<\/span>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. [vo-s] > [vi-s]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Regular evolution of \/o\/ mid high back to \/i\/ high front<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                    3. VIS > VI<\/span>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. [vi-s] > [vi]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Loss of word final \/-s\/<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                        ____________________________________________________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. <\/b>vestite gi\u00e0 de’ <\/i><\/b>raggi<\/i><\/b> del pianeta<\/i><\/b> (line 17)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          RADIUS > RAGGIO; RADII > RAGGI<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Plural masculine noun, follows Genitive -I ending; follows 2nd declension in Classical Latin<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Reconstructed Popular Latin two-case system: follows the 2nd declension, plural nominative form<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Reconstructed pre-Italian noun morphology: kept final ending -I from the original nominative form<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                            RADIUS > RAGGIO
                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n<\/span>[r\u00e1-djus] > [r\u00e1-d\u0292o]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. RADIUS > RAGGIUS<\/span>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. [r\u00e1-djus] > [r\u00e1-d\u0292us]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Regular palatalization \/d + j\/ \u201cDI\u201d to \/d\u0292\/ \u201cGG\u201d through gemination; evolution from yod \/d + j\/ voiced palatal approximant to affricate postalveolar voiced \/d\u0292\/<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. RAGGIUS > RAGGIU<\/span>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. [r\u00e1-d\u0292ius] > [r\u00e1-d\u0292u]<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Loss of final \/-s\/ <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                3. RAGGIU > RAGGIO<\/span>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. [r\u00e1-d\u0292u] > [r\u00e1-d\u0292o] <\/span><\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Word final \/u\/ high back to \/o\/ mid high back<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Phonetic analysis\u00a0 *All words from the source text are the same words in modern standard Italian. (Latin) PAUCU > (Source text\/modern standard Italian) POCO [p\u00e1w-ku] > [p\u05db-ko] PAUCU > POCU [p\u00e1w-ku] > [p\u05db-ku] Diphthong \/AW\/ resolved to low mid \/\u05db\/ POCU > POCO [p\u05db-ku] > [p\u05db-ko] Word final \/u\/ high back to \/o\/ mid high … Continue reading Etymological Content<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1219,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-michelle"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/historyoftheromancelanguages2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/historyoftheromancelanguages2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/historyoftheromancelanguages2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/historyoftheromancelanguages2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1219"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/historyoftheromancelanguages2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=245"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/historyoftheromancelanguages2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":491,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/historyoftheromancelanguages2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245\/revisions\/491"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/historyoftheromancelanguages2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/historyoftheromancelanguages2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=245"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/historyoftheromancelanguages2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}