{"id":313,"date":"2015-04-23T15:54:17","date_gmt":"2015-04-23T15:54:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/?page_id=313"},"modified":"2015-05-01T08:18:04","modified_gmt":"2015-05-01T08:18:04","slug":"phonetic-analysis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/heredia\/phonetic-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Phonetic Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"

*<\/span>red bold<\/span> <\/strong>represents stressed\u00a0syllable<\/p>\n

MAR<\/span>TIUS <\/strong>[martius] (Classical Latin) > Mar\u00e7o <\/strong>[martso] (Old Spanish) > Marzo <\/strong>[mar\u03b8o]\u00a0(Modern Spanish) March <\/em><\/strong>[mart\u222b]<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0MARTIUS > MARTIU lenition of the final consonant \/s\/ due to it being in the coda position. The stressed vowel \u201ca\u201d in Classical Latin remains the low mid front vowel in Old \/ Modern Spanish.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. MARTIU [mar.ti.u] > MAR\u00c7O [martso] in Old Spanish the cluster \/t+j\/ yields the voiceless alveolar affricate \/ts\/ phoneme which is represented with the grapheme \u201c\u00e7\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. MAR\u00c7O > MARZO [mar\u03b8o] in Modern Spanish the \/ts\/ phoneme yields the interdental voiceless fricative phoneme \/\u03b8\/ which is represented with the grapheme \u201cz\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n
      1. MAR\u00c7O > MARZO [marso] In some seseantes varieties the \/ts\/ from Old Spanish merges with \/s\/ in Modern Spanish<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        HO<\/span>MINE <\/strong>[omine]<\/span> (Classical Latin) > Omes <\/strong>[omes]<\/span> (Old Spanish) > Hombre <\/strong>[ombre] <\/span>(Modern Spanish) Man<\/em> <\/strong>[me\u0259n]<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. HOMINE > OMINE [omine] The grapheme \u201ch\u201d was not pronounced in Classical Latin and so it was dropped to represent the phonetic transcription. There was no phoneme for the grapheme \u201ch\u201d and so the \u201ch\u201d was deleted.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \n
          1. OMINE > OMNE [omne] unstressed \u201c\u01d0\u201d is removed after syncope. The high mid back long \u201co\u201d in Classical Latin remains the same in Old Spanish<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \n
            1. OMNE > OME [ome] the \u201cn\u201d is removed after progressive assimilation where \/mn\/ > \/m\/, and the merging of the group \/mm\/ into \/m\/.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u00a0Modern Spanish<\/em><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. HOMINE > HOMNI [homini] syncope of the unstressed vowel \u201ci\u201d. The high mid back long \u201co\u201d in Classical Latin remains the same in Modern Spanish<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \n
                1. HOMNI > HOMRI [homri] the unacceptable \/mn\/ cluster is resolved by dissimilation between two nasal consonants \/mn\/ >\/mr\/ >\/mr\/<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    \n
                  1. HOMRI > HOMBRI [hombri] epenthesis: addition of plosive \u201cb\u201d to resolve the \/mr\/ cluster<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      \n
                    1. HOMBRI > HOMBRE [ombre] The grapheme \u201ch\u201d was not pronounced in Classical Latin and so it was dropped to represent the phonetic transcription. There was no phoneme for the grapheme \u201ch\u201d and so the \u201ch\u201d was deleted in Old Spanish. However, the the aspirated \u201ch\u201d remains th even though it is silent in Modern Spanish. In addition, the Classical Latin the \u201c\u01d0\u201d yields the high mid unrounded front vowel \u201ce\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      \u00a0<\/strong>VER<\/span>VACTUM <\/strong>[werwaktum]<\/span> (Classical Latin) > Barvecho <\/strong>[bar<\/span>b<\/a>et\u0283o]<\/span> (Old Spanish) > Barbecho <\/strong>[bar<\/span>\u03b2<\/a>et\u0283o] <\/span>(Modern Spanish) Fallow <\/em><\/strong>[f\u00e6lo\u028a]<\/span><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. VERVACTUM [werwaktum] > VARVECTUM [warwektum] the high mid stressed front vowel Classical Latin long \u201ce\u201d remains the same in Old \/ Modern Spanish. In this step we also see the metathesis of \/e\/ and \/a\/<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                          \n
                        1. VARVECTUM > VARVECTU [warwektu] The final consonant \u201cm\u201d in the coda position undergoes lenition and is then deleted.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                            \n
                          1. VARVECTU > VARVECTO [warwekto] The Classical Latin short [\u016d] becomes the high mid rounded \/o\/ \u201co\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                              \n
                            1. VARVECTO > VARVECHO [warwet\u0283o] the \/kt\/ cluster yields the palatal voiceless affricate \/t\u0283\/ sound which is written with the grapheme \u201cch\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                \n
                              1. VARCECHO > BARVECHO [barb<\/a><\/span>et\u0283o] in the early formative period of Romance \/b\/ and \/w\/ merged into one unit. In Old Spanish, the word-initial \/w\/ merged into the plosive velar \/b\/ written with the grapheme \u201cb\u201d and while the intermedial \/w\/ remained written with the grapheme \u201cv\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                  \n
                                1. BARVECHO > BARBECHO [bar\u03b2<\/a><\/span>et\u0283o] eventually with the merger \/b\/ and \/w\/ merged into one unit. The result of the merger yields all [w] to be represented with either the grapheme \u201cb\u201d or \u201cv\u201d which both are represented with the same phoneme \/b\/. If the grapheme in the etymon was \u201cv\u201d or \u201cu\u201d, the \u201cv\u201d was kept after the merger to represent \/b\/. However, in this case the real pronunciation of \u201cve\u201d is kept as \/\u03b2<\/a>e\/<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                  VE<\/span>CLA <\/strong>[wekla] (Vulgar Latin) > Vieja <\/strong>[bj\u025bxa] (Old & Modern Spanish) > Old<\/em> <\/strong>[o\u028ald]<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  1. VECLA [wekla] > VEJA [we\u0292a] in Old Spanish the Latin cluster \/kl\/ yields the fricative voiced palatal \/\u0292\/ which is represented with the grapheme \u201cj\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                      \n
                                    1. VEJA [ve\u0292a] > VEJA [wexa] in Old Spanish the fricative palatal \/\u0292\/ later yields the voiceless fricative velar \/x\/ phenome which is still represented with the grapheme \u201cj\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                        \n
                                      1. VEJA > VIEJA [bj\u025bxa] the Classical Latin stressed low mid rounded short \u201c\u0115\u201d yields the Vulgar Latin \/\u025b\/ which is represented with the grapheme \u201cie\u201d in Old \/ Modern Spanish<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                        \u00a0<\/strong>STRIC<\/span>TUS <\/strong>[striktus]<\/span> (Classical Latin) > Estrecho <\/strong>[estret\u0283o]<\/span> (Old & Modern Spanish) Wide<\/em><\/strong> [wa\u026ad]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        1. STRICTUS [striktus] > STRECTUS [strek.tus] The stressed short [i] in Classical Latin becomes the high mid front vowel \u201ce\u201d in Vulgar Latin, which remains the same in Old \/ Modern Spanish.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                            \n
                                          1. STRECTUS > STRECTU [strektu] The final consonant \u201cs\u201d in the coda position undergoes lenition and is then deleted.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                              \n
                                            1. STRECTU > STRECTO [strekto] the unstressed Classical Latin short [u] becomes the high mid rounded \u201co\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                \n
                                              1. STRECTU > STRECHO [Stret\u0283o] In modern Spanish the \/ct\/ cluster yields the palatal voiceless affricate \/t\u0283\/ sound which is written with the grapheme \u201cch\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                  \n
                                                1. STRECHO > ESTRECHO addition of the prosthetic vowel \u201ce\u201d ; with this addition the \/s\/ can syllabify as a coda of the first syllable.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                  FRI<\/span>GIDUS <\/strong>[frigidus] <\/span>(Classical Latin) > Fr\u00edo <\/strong>[frio]<\/span> (Old & Modern Spanish) Cold<\/em> <\/strong>[ko\u028ald]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  1. FRIGIDUS [fri.gid.us] > FRIUS [frius] the syncope of the unstressed syllable<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                      \n
                                                    1. FRIUS > FRIU [friu] The final consonant \u201cs\u201d in the coda position undergoes lenition and is\u00a0then deleted.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                        \n
                                                      1. FRIU > FRIO [frio] the unstressed Classical Latin short [u] becomes the high mid rounded \u201co\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                          \n
                                                        1. FRIO > FR\u00cdO [fri.o] the \/io\/ cluster does not diphthongize and so it is written with a diacritic mark [\u00edo]. The high mid front long \u201cI\u201d in Classical Latin remains the same in Old \/ Modern Spanish.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                          ANGUS<\/span>TUS <\/strong>[angustu]<\/span> (Classical Latin) > ANGOSTO <\/strong>[angosto]<\/span> (Old & Modern Spanish) Narrow<\/em><\/strong> [n\u00e6\u0279o\u028a]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                            \n
                                                          1. ANGUSTUS > ANGUSTU [an.gus.tu] The final consonant \u201cs\u201d in the coda position undergoes lenition and is then deleted.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                              \n
                                                            1. ANGUSTU > ANGOSTU [angosto] the stressed Classical Latin short [\u016d] becomes the high mid rounded \u201co\u201d \/o\/.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                \n
                                                              1. ANGOSTU > ANGOSTO [a\u014bgosto] Again, the unstressed Classical Latin short [\u016d] becomes the high mid rounded \u201co\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                ME<\/span>TUS <\/strong>[metus] (Classical Latin) > Miedo <\/strong>[mje\u00f0o] (Old & Modern Spanish) Fear<\/em><\/strong> [f\u026a\u0279]<\/p>\n

                                                                  \n
                                                                1. METUS [metus] > MEDUS [medus] lenition of the intervocalic unprotected stop consonant \/t\/ which becomes the less gradient stop \/d\/.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                    \n
                                                                  1. MEDUS > MEDU [medu] The final consonant \u201cs\u201d in the coda position undergoes lenition and is then deleted.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                      \n
                                                                    1. MEDU > MEDO [me\u00f0o] the unstressed Classical Latin short [\u016d] becomes the high mid rounded \u201co\u201d \/o\/. The \/\u00f0\/ is represented by grapheme \u201cd\u201d which yields voiced dental fricative consonant sound. This is a type of lenition in which \/d\/ in intervocalic position becomes the correspondent approximant dental voiced \/ \u00f0\/.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                        \n
                                                                      1. MEDO > MIEDO [mje\u00f0o] The stressed Classical Latin short [e] becomes the low mid front vowel \/\u025b\/ in Vulgar Latin. This diphthongizes into \/je\/ in Old\/ Modern Spanish which is written with the grapheme \u201cie\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                        AMI<\/span>CUS <\/strong>[amikus]<\/span> (Classical Latin) > Amigo <\/strong>[ami\u0263o]<\/span> (Old & Modern Spanish) Friend <\/em><\/strong>[f\u0279\u025bnd]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                          \n
                                                                        1. AMICUS [a.mi.kus] > AMIGUS [ami\u0263us] lenition of the stop consonant \/k\/ which becomes the less gradient stop voiced velar \/g\/<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                            \n
                                                                          1. AMIGUS > AMIGU [ami\u0263u] The final consonant \u201cs\u201d in the coda position undergoes lenition and is then deleted.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                              \n
                                                                            1. AMIGU > AMIGO [ami\u0263o] the unstressed Classical Latin short [\u016d] becomes the high mid rounded \u201co\u201d. The stressed high mid front long \u201cI\u201d in Classical Latin remains the same in Old \/ Modern Spanish.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                              \u00a0<\/strong>COMMA<\/span>TER <\/strong>[kommater]<\/span> (Classical Latin) > Comadre <\/strong>[koma\u00f0re]<\/span> (Old & Modern Spanish) Godmother <\/em><\/strong>[gadm\u028c\u00f0\u0259\u0279]<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                \n
                                                                              1. COMMATER [ko.mma.ter] > COMATER [komater] de-gemination of the intervocalic \/m\/ to eliminate the cluster that occupied two timing units<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                  \n
                                                                                1. COMATER > COMADER [koma\u00f0er] lenition of the stop dental voiceless consonant \/t\/ which becomes the less gradient plosive dental voiced \/d\/<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                  COMADER > COMADRE [koma\u00f0re] metathesis of \/r\/ and \/e\/. The stressed Classical Latin low mid front long \u201ca\u201d remains the same in Old\/ Modern Spanish<\/p>\n

                                                                                  LO<\/span>CUS <\/strong>[lokus]<\/span> (Classical Latin) > Luego <\/strong>[lwe\u0263o] <\/span>(Old & Modern Spanish) Later <\/em><\/strong>[leit\u032c\u025ar]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                    \n
                                                                                  1. LOCUS [lokus] > LOCU [loku] The final consonant \u201cs\u201d in the coda position undergoes lenition and is then deleted.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                      \n
                                                                                    1. LOCU > LOGU [lu\u0263u] lenition of the stop velar voiceless consonant \/k\/ which becomes the less gradient velar voiced stop \/g\/<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                                                        \n
                                                                                      1. LOGU > LUEGO [lwe\u0263o] the Classical Latin stressed short [\u01d2<\/strong>] becomes the low mid back rounded Vulgar Latin \/ \u0254 \/ which is represented with the grapheme \u201cue\u201d in Old \/ Modern Spanish<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                        ARRU<\/span>GIA <\/strong>[arrugia]<\/span> (Classical Latin) > Arroyo <\/strong>[aro\u029do]<\/span> (Modern Spanish) Stream <\/em><\/strong>[srtim]<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                        1.\u00a0ARRUGIA [ar.ru.gia] > ARRUYO [aru\u029do] in modern Spanish cluster \/g+j\/ yields the palatal voiced fricative \/j\/ which is represented with the grapheme \u201cy\u201d<\/p>\n

                                                                                          \n
                                                                                        1. ARRUYO > ARROYO [aro\u029do] the stressed Classical Latin short [\u01d4] becomes the high mid rounded \u201co\u201d. The word final \u201ca\u201d changes into \u201co\u201d the overgeneralization of the morpheme \u201co\u201d to mark the masculine gender.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                                                          *red bold represents stressed\u00a0syllable MARTIUS [martius] (Classical Latin) > Mar\u00e7o [martso] (Old Spanish) > Marzo [mar\u03b8o]\u00a0(Modern Spanish) March […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":0,"parent":51,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-313","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/45"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=313"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":511,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/313\/revisions\/511"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/51"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}