{"id":332,"date":"2015-04-23T15:56:22","date_gmt":"2015-04-23T15:56:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/?page_id=332"},"modified":"2015-04-23T23:25:02","modified_gmt":"2015-04-23T23:25:02","slug":"phonetic-analysis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/oulton\/phonetic-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Phonetic Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"
    \n
  1. Latin: \u201chabere\u201d [abere] Old Spanish: \u201cauer\u201d[a\u03b2e\u027e] Spanish: \u201chaber\u201d [a\u03b2e\u027e]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    – habere [abere]<\/p>\n

    -spelling change: deletion of preliminary grapheme \u201ch\u201d<\/p>\n

    – degemination of \/r\/ (liquid alveolar voiced) to \/\u027e\/ (liquid\/vibrante alveolar voiced) [abe\u027e]<\/p>\n

    -degemination: the grapheme \u201cu\u201d represents the new phoneme \/\u03b2\/ (approximant bilabial voiced) [a\u03b2e\u027e]<\/p>\n

    – spelling change: the grapheme \u201ch\u201d reappears as a silent preliminary character<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Latin: \u201cplicare\u201d [plikare] Old Spanish: \u201clegar\u201d [lega\u027e] Spanish \u201cllegar\u201d [\u028ee\u0263a\u027e]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      – plicare [plikare]<\/p>\n

      – lenition: deletion of preliminary \/p\/ (voiceless bilabial stop) [likare]<\/p>\n

      -lenition: \/k\/ (voiceless velar stop) yields \/g\/ (voiced velar stop) because it\u2019s in an unprotected position [ligare]<\/p>\n

      -evolution of stressed vowel Classical Latin short \/i\/ (high front) to Vulgar Latin \/e\/ (mid high front) [legare]<\/p>\n

      – loss of wordfinal unstressed vowel \/e\/ (mid high front) [legar]<\/p>\n

      – degemination of \/r\/ (liquid alveolar voiced) to \/\u027e\/ (liquid\/vibrante alveolar voiced) [lega\u027e]<\/p>\n

      – evolution of \/l\/ (voiced alveolar liquid) to \/\u028e\/ (palatal lateral voiced) represented by the grapheme \u201cll\u201d [\u028eega\u027e]<\/p>\n

      -lenition: \/g\/ (voiced velar stop) yields \/\u0263\/ (voiced velar espirante) represented by the grapheme \u201cg\u201d because it\u2019s in an unprotected position [\u028ee\u0263a\u027e]<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Latin: \u201cvoster\u201d [w\u0254ster] Old Spanish: \u201cuuestro\u201d [uwest\u027eo] Spanish: \u201cvuestro\u201d [bwest\u027eo]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        -voster [w\u0254ster]<\/p>\n

        – diphthongization: stressed vowel \/\u0254\/ (low mid back rounded) to \/we\/ \u201cue\u201d [wester]<\/p>\n

        – degemination: the grapheme \u201cu\u201d is used to represent the phoneme \/b\/ (voiced bilabial stop) merging with the phoneme \/w\/ (voiced bilabial glide) [uwester]<\/p>\n

        – loss of wordfinal vowel unstressed \/e\/ (mid high front) [uwestr]<\/p>\n

        – epenthesis of final \/o\/ (high mid back) to resolve final liquid [uwestro]<\/p>\n

        – degemination of \/r\/ (liquid alveolar voiced) to \/\u027e\/ (liquid\/vibrante alveolar voiced) [uwest\u027eo]<\/p>\n

        -gemination: \/u\/ (high back) to \/b\/ (voiced bilabial stop) represented by grapheme \u201cv\u201d [bwest\u027eo]<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Latin: \u201cinflare\u201d [inflare] Old Spanish: \u201cyncar\u201d [inka\u027e] Spanish: \u201chinchar\u201d [int\u0283a\u027e]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          – inflare [inflare]<\/p>\n

          – lenition: deletion of \/f\/ (voiceless labio-dental fricative) [inlare]<\/p>\n

          -evolution of \/l\/ (liquid alveolar voiced) from cluster \/fl\/ to \/k\/ (voiceless velar stop) in an irregular sporadic change [inkare]<\/p>\n

          – loss of wordfinal unstressed \/e\/ (mid high front) [inkar]<\/p>\n

          – degemination: \/r\/ (liquid alveolar voiced) to softer\/\u027e\/ (liquid\/vibrante alveolar voiced) [i\u0272ka\u027e]<\/p>\n

          – spelling change: the grapheme of the stressed syllable \/in\/ \u201ci\u201d becomes represented by \u201cy\u201d<\/p>\n

          – evolution of \/k\/ (voiceless velar stop) to\/t\u0283\/ (voiceless alveo-palatal affricate) [i\u0272t\u0283a\u027e]<\/p>\n

          – spelling change: the grapheme \u201cy\u201d of the stressed syllable is represented as \u201ci\u201d following silent \u201ch\u201d<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Latin \u201cvermiculus\u201d [wermikulus] Old Spanish: \u201cuermeios\u201d [we\u027eme\u0292os] Spanish: \u201cbermejos\u201d [be\u027emexos]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            – vermiculus\u201d [wermikulus]<\/p>\n

            – evolution of Classical Latin stressed short \/i\/ (high front) to Vulgar Latin \/e\/ (high mid front), and remains the same in its evolution into Spanish [wermekulus]<\/p>\n

            -syncope: deletion of unstressed vowel \/u\/ (high back rounded), which yields the palatal cluster \/k\u2019l\/ [wermeklus]<\/p>\n

            -evolution of Classical Latin short \/u\/ (high back) to Vulgar Latin \/o\/ (high mid back rounded) [wermelos]<\/p>\n

            -degemination: \/r\/ (liquid alveolar voiced) to softer\/\u027e\/ (liquid\/vibrante alveolar voiced) [we\u027emeklos]<\/p>\n

            -evolution of \/k\u2019l\/ cluster into \/\u0292\/ (voiced alveo-palatal fricative) in Old Spanish represented by the grapheme \u201ci\u201d [we\u027eme\u0292os]<\/p>\n

            -evolution of \/\u0292\/ (voiced alveo-palatal fricative) into \/x\/ (voiceless velar fricative) [we\u027emexos]<\/p>\n

            -evolution of \/w\/ (voiced bilabial glide), represented by \u201cu\u201d yields \/b\/ (voiced bilabial stop) [be\u027emexos]<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Latin: \u201ccomparare\u201d [komparare] Old Spanish: \u201cconprar\u201d [konp\u027ea\u027e] Spanish: \u201ccomprar\u201d [komp\u027ea\u027e]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              -comparare [komparare]<\/p>\n

              -dissimilation: \/m\/ (nasal bilabial voiced) in coda position becomes \/n\/ (nasal alveolar voiced) in place of articulation [konparare]<\/p>\n

              -syncope: deletion of unstressed \/a\/ (low front) [konprare]<\/p>\n

              – loss of wordfinal unstressed \/e\/ (mid high front) [konprar]<\/p>\n

              – lenition\/degemination: \/r\/ (liquid alveolar voiced) to softer\/\u027e\/ (liquid\/vibrante alveolar voiced) [konp\u027ea\u027e]<\/p>\n

              -stressed vowel \/o\/ (mid high back rounded) in stressed syllable \/kom\/ remains unchanged<\/p>\n

              – assimilation of \/n\/ (nasal alveolar voiced) to \/m\/ (nasal bilabial voiced) to the place of articulation of \/p\/ (voiceless bilabial stop) [komp\u027ea\u027e]<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Latin: \u201cclavus\u201d [klawus] Old Spanish: \u201cclauos\u201d [klawos] Spanish: \u201cclavos\u201d[kla\u03b2os]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                – clavus [klawus]<\/p>\n

                – evolution of Vulgar Latin unstressed word final long \/u\/ (high back) to \/o\/ (high mid back) \u201d[klawos]<\/p>\n

                -the stressed vowel \/a\/ (font low) in the stressed syllable \/kla\/ remains the same in the evolution from Classical Latin to Modern Spanish<\/p>\n

                -spelling change: the grapheme \u201cu\u201d represents the new phoneme \/\u03b2\/ (approximant bilabial voiced) in Old Spanish<\/p>\n

                – spelling change: the grapheme \u201cv\u201d represents the phoneme \/\u03b2\/ (approximant bilabial voiced) in Modern Spanish [kla\u03b2os]<\/p>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Latin: \u201cnec\u201d [nek] Old Spanish: \u201cnin\u201d [nin] Spanish: \u201cni\u201d [ni]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  – nec [nek]<\/p>\n

                  – evolution of stressed short \/e\/ (high mid front) in Vulgar Latin to \/i\/ (high front rounded) in Old Spanish, which is an exception [nik]<\/p>\n

                  -lenition of a nasal consonant from \/k\/ (voiceless velar stop) [ni]<\/p>\n

                  – Addition of wordfinal \/n\/ (nasal alveolar voiced), which happens throughout the romance languages, for example in French with \u201cnon\u201d [nin]<\/p>\n

                  -lenition of consonant \/n\/ (nasal alveolar voiced) in final coda position [ni]<\/p>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Latin: \u201cfabulare\u201d [fabulare] Old Spanish: \u201cflablar\u201d [flabla\u027e] Spanish: \u201chablar\u201d [abla\u027e]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    -fabulare [fabulare]<\/p>\n

                    – epenthesis: \/l\/ (liquid alveolar voiced) added [flabulare]<\/p>\n

                    – syncope: deletion of unstressed vowel \/u\/ (high back) [flablare]<\/p>\n

                    -syncope: deletion of final \/e\/ (high mid front) [flablar]<\/p>\n

                    – degemination: \/r\/ (liquid alveolar voiced) to softer\/\u027e\/ (liquid\/vibrante alveolar voiced) [flabla\u027e]<\/p>\n

                    – evolution of Old Spanish\/#f\/ to \/#h\/ to Modern Spanish \u201czero\u201d (unpronounced) represented by the grapheme \u201ch\u201d<\/p>\n

                    – stressed vowel \/a\/ (low front) from the stressed syllable \/fa\/>\/fla\/>\/a\/ remains unchanged in the evolution of Spanish<\/p>\n

                    – lenition: deletion of \/l\/ (liquid alveolar voiced) to resolve liquid cluster [abla\u027e]<\/p>\n

                     <\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Latin: \u201cintrare\u201d[intrare] Old Spanish: \u201centrar\u201d [ent\u027ea\u027e] Spanish: \u201centrar\u201d [ent\u027ea\u027e]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      – intrare [intrare]<\/p>\n

                      – evolution of Classical Latin stressed short \/i\/ (high front rounded) to Vulgar Latin \/e\/ (high mid front rounded) [entrare]<\/p>\n

                      – loss of wordfinal \/e\/ (high mid front) [entrar]<\/p>\n

                      – degemination: \/r\/ (liquid alveolar voiced) to softer\/\u027e\/ (liquid\/vibrante alveolar voiced) [ent\u027ea\u027e]<\/p>\n

                       <\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. Latin: \u201csuperculano\u201d [superkulano] Old Spanish: \u201csobeiano\u201d [so\u03b2e\u0292ano] Spanish: \u201csobejano\u201d [so\u03b2exano]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        – superculano [superkulano]<\/p>\n

                        -evolution of Classical Latin short \/u\/ (high back rounded) to Vulgar Latin \/o\/ (high mid back rounded) [soperkulano]<\/p>\n

                        -syncope: deletion of unstressed vowel \/u\/ (high back rounded), which yields the palatal cluster \/k\u2019l\/ [soperklano]<\/p>\n

                        -lenition: deletion of \/r\/ (liquid alveolar voiced) [sopeklano]<\/p>\n

                        -lenition: \/p\/ (voiceless bilabial stop) yields \/\u03b2\/ (voiced labial espirante) represented by the grapheme \u201cb\u201d [so\u03b2eklano]<\/p>\n

                        -evolution of \/k\u2019l\/ cluster into \/\u0292\/ (voiced alveo-palatal fricative) in Old Spanish represented by the grapheme \u201ci\u201d [so\u03b2e\u0292ano]<\/p>\n

                        – stressed vowel \/a\/ (low front) from the stressed syllable \/fa\/>\/fla\/>\/a\/ remains unchanged in the evolution of Spanish<\/p>\n

                        -evolution of \/\u0292\/ (voiced alveo-palatal fricative) into \/x\/ (voiceless velar fricative) in Modern Spanish [so\u03b2exano]<\/span><\/p>\n

                         <\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. Latin: \u201cconsilium\/consilio\u201d [konsiljum\/ konsiljo] Old Spanish: \u201cconsego\u201d [konse\u0292o] Spanish: \u201cconsejo\u201d[konsexo]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          – consilium\/consilio [konsiljum\/ konsiljo]<\/p>\n

                          – evolution of Classical Latin stressed short \/i\/ (high front) to Vulgar Latin\/e\/ (high mid front) [konseljo]<\/p>\n

                          – \/l+j\/ cluster evolves to \/\u0292\/ (alveo-palatal fricative voiced) in Old Spanish represented by the grapheme \u201cg\u201d [konse\u0292o]<\/p>\n

                          – evolution of \/\u0292\/ (alveo-palatal fricative voiced) to \/x\/ (velar fricative voiced) in Modern Spanish represented by the grapheme \u201cj\u201d [konsexo]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          Latin: \u201chabere\u201d [abere] Old Spanish: \u201cauer\u201d[a\u03b2e\u027e] Spanish: \u201chaber\u201d [a\u03b2e\u027e] – habere [abere] -spelling change: deletion of preliminary grapheme […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":0,"parent":96,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-332","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/45"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=332"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/332\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":460,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/332\/revisions\/460"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/96"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}