{"id":343,"date":"2015-04-23T15:57:28","date_gmt":"2015-04-23T15:57:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/?page_id=343"},"modified":"2015-04-30T20:28:45","modified_gmt":"2015-04-30T20:28:45","slug":"phonetic-analysis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/sagar\/phonetic-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Phonetic Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"

CASTELLUM<\/strong> [castelum] > \u201cChasteaulx<\/strong>\u201d [t\u0283atolks] >\u00a0ch\u00e2teaux<\/strong> [\u0283\u0251to] (singular Ch\u00e2teau)<\/p>\n

English: \u201ccastle\u201d<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Castellum > chastellum: palatalization of the stop velar unvoiced [k] to the affricate [t\u0283]<\/li>\n
  2. Chastellum > chastellum: middle affricate stage of \u201cch,\u201d [t\u0283] to the fricative post-alveolar voiceless [\u0283]<\/li>\n
  3. Chastellum \u00e0 chastell: lenition of word final consonant \u201cm\u201d, lenition of word final vowel that is not \u201ca\u201d<\/li>\n
  4. Chastell > chastel: degimination of word final [LL] cluster to singular [L]<\/li>\n
  5. Chastel > chasteaul: high mid front [e] \u201ce\u201d becomes high mid back rounded [o] \u201ceau\u201d<\/li>\n
  6. Chasteaul > chasteau: deletion of unstressed \u201cL\u201d in coda position<\/li>\n
  7. Chasteau > ch\u00e2teau: lenition of \u201cs\u201d in coda position, addition of accent to show non etymological change<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    VOSTER<\/strong> [voster] > \u201cVostre<\/strong>\u201d [v\u0254str\u0259] >\u00a0v\u00f4tre<\/strong> [v\u0254t\u0281]<\/p>\n

    English: \u201cyour\u201d<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Voster > vostre: metathesis of \u201cer\u201d cluster to \u201cre\u201d<\/li>\n
    2. Vostre > vostre: evolution of [\u014f] in stressed syllable in Classical Latin becomes low mid back rounded [\u0254] in Vulgar Latin, subsequently remaining [\u0254] in Middle French in a blocked syllable<\/li>\n
    3. Vostre > votre: lenition of fricative alveolar voiceless \u201cs\u201d in coda position<\/li>\n
    4. Votre > votre: word final [e] in Vulgar Latin becomes stable [\u0259] in Middle French<\/li>\n
    5. Votre > v\u00f4tre: addition of circumflex accent to low mid back rounded [\u0254] to show non etymological deletion of \u201cs\u201d above<\/li>\n
    6. V\u00f4tre > v\u00f4tre: word final [\u0259] in Middle French becomes unpronounced in Modern Standard French<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n

      SANGUIS<\/strong> [sang\u0265is] > \u201csanc<\/strong>\u201d [sank] >\u00a0sang<\/strong> [s\u00e3]<\/p>\n

      English: \u201cblood\u201d<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Sanguis > sangui: lenition of word final \u201cs\u201d in coda position<\/li>\n
      2. Sangui > sang: lenition of word final \u201cui\u201d [\u0265i] vowel cluster in coda position<\/li>\n
      3. Sang > sanc: evolution of voiced velar stopped [g] to voiceless velar plosive [k]<\/li>\n
      4. Stressed vowel [\u0103] in Classical Latin becomes low front [a] in Vulgar Latin, and remains in Middle French in a blocked syllable<\/li>\n
      5. Sanc > sanc [s\u00e3nk]: nasalization of \u201ca\u201d low front [a] becomes low front nasal [\u00e3],<\/li>\n
      6. Sanc > sang [s\u00e3]: lenition of final consonant in coda position, hypercorrection of spelling to reflect Latin etymon<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

         <\/p>\n

        ILEX<\/strong> [il.eks] > \u201cEulz<\/strong>\u201d [\u00f8lz] >\u00a0eux<\/strong> [\u00f8]<\/p>\n

        English: \u201cthem\u201d<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Ilex > elex: stressed short [i] in Classical Latin becomes [e] in Vulgar Latin, which remains the same in French.<\/li>\n
        2. Elex > eulex: non etymological evolution of stressed short [i] in Classical Latin becomes the high mid front \u201ce\u201d [e] in Vulgar Latin, when, in a free syllable, becomes high mid front rounded \u201ceu\u201d [\u00f8]<\/li>\n
        3. Eulex [\u00f8lekse] > eules [\u00f8les]: evolution of cluster [kse] \u201cx\u201d into [s] \u201cs\u201d<\/li>\n
        4. Eules > eulez: lenition of stopped consonant \u201cx\u201d [ks] to fricative alveolar \u201cz\u201d [z]<\/li>\n
        5. Eulez > eulz: syncope of high mid front [e] in unstressed syllable<\/li>\n
        6. Eulz: > eux: syncope of \u201cL\u201d in unstressed position, overcorrection of \u201cz\u201d to previous spelling \u201cx\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

           <\/p>\n

          CREDENTE<\/strong> [credente] > \u201cmiscreans<\/strong>\u201d [miscrejn] >\u00a0m\u00e9cr\u00e9ants<\/strong> [mek\u0281e\u0251\u0303] (singular m\u00e9cr\u00e9ant)<\/p>\n

          English: \u201cMiscreants\u201d<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Credente > mescredente: Old French negative prefix \u201cmes\u201d added to Latin word \u201ccredente\u201d meaning \u201cto believe\u201d<\/li>\n
          2. Mescredente > miscredente: non etymological change of low mid front [\u025b] to high front [i]<\/li>\n
          3. Miscredente > miscredante: non etymological change of high mid front [e] to low front [a] in Middle French<\/li>\n
          4. miscredante > miscreante: lenition of intervocalic [d]<\/li>\n
          5. Miscreante > miscreante: evolution of long [e] in Classical Latin to high mid front [e] in Vulgar Latin, which remains in the French blocked syllable<\/li>\n
          6. Miscreante > miscreant: word final [e] in Vulgar Latin becomes stable [\u0259], word final [\u0259] becomes unpronounced and is deleted from the grapheme<\/li>\n
          7. Miscreant > miscrean: lenition of [t] in coda position<\/li>\n
          8. Miscrean > miscrean: nasalization and lenition of word final [n]<\/li>\n
          9. miscrean > m\u00e9crean: the diacritic (aigu) marks the deletion of the fricative alveolar voiceless consonant [s]<\/li>\n
          10. m\u00e9crean > m\u00e9creant: non etymological overcorrection with reinsertion of \u201ct\u201d, which remains unvoiced with the nasal \u201cn\u201d<\/li>\n
          11. m\u00e9creant > m\u00e9cr\u00e9ant: addition of second diacritic (aigu) to protect the phonetic position of [e]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

             <\/p>\n

            ACQUAER<\/strong>E<\/strong>RE<\/strong> [akajr\u0115re] > \u201cacquerre<\/strong>\u201d [aker\u0259] >\u00a0acqu\u00e9rir<\/strong> [ake\u0281i\u0281]<\/p>\n

            English: \u201cacquire\u201d<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. acquaerere > acquerere: evolution of the Classical Latin diphthong \u201cae\u201d[aj] to [e] in Vulgar Latin, which remains in Middle French<\/li>\n
            2. acquerere > acquerre: syncope of interconsonantal \u201ce,\u201d creation of germinate \u201cRR\u201d cluster which reflects the evolution of [r] into [\u0280]<\/li>\n
            3. acquerre > acquerr:\u00a0\u00a0 word final [e] in Vulgar Latin becomes stable [\u0259] in Middle French, which becomes unvoiced and is deleted from the grapheme<\/li>\n
            4. acquerr > acquerir: degemination of \u201ci\u201d in the consonant cluster \u201cRR\u201d<\/li>\n
            5. acquerir > acqu\u00e9rir: addition of diacritic (aigu) on the high mid front [e]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

               <\/p>\n

              DESTRUERE<\/strong> [destruere] > \u201cdestruire<\/strong>\u201d [destr\u0265ir\u0259] >\u00a0d\u00e9truire<\/strong> [det\u0281\u0265i\u0281]<\/p>\n

              English: \u201cdestroy\u201d<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. destruere > destruire: non etymological change of high mid front [e] to high front [i]<\/li>\n
              2. destruire > d\u00e9truire: the diacritic (aigu) marks the deletion of the fricative alveolar voiceless consonant [s]<\/li>\n
              3. d\u00e9truire [detr\u0265ire] > d\u00e9truire [detr\u0265ir]: word final [e] in Vulgar Latin becomes stable [\u0259] in Middle French, which becomes unvoiced in Modern Standard French<\/li>\n
              4. d\u00e9truire [detr\u0265ir] > d\u00e9truire [det\u0281\u0265i\u0281]: evolution of [r] in Vulgar Latin to [\u0281] in Modern Standard French<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                M\u012aLLE<\/strong> [m\u012ble] > \u201cmiles<\/strong>\u201d [mil\u0259] >\u00a0mille<\/strong> [mil]<\/p>\n

                English: \u201cthousands\u201d<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. mille > mile > mille: temporary instability of the \u201cLL\u201d palatal cluster to singular \u201cL\u201d due to spelling during a sound change of word final vowel \u201ce\u201d<\/li>\n
                2. Mille > mille: word final [e] in Vulgar Latin becomes stable [\u0259] in Middle French, which becomes unvoiced in Modern Standard French<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                  CAPITANEUS<\/strong> [kapitanus] > \u201cchevetaine<\/strong>\u201d [t\u0283evetajn\u0259] >\u00a0cheftaine<\/strong> [\u0283\u025bft\u025bn]<\/p>\n

                  English: \u201cCaptain\u201d<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. capitaneus > chapitaneus: palatalization of the stop velar unvoiced [k] to the affricate [t\u0283]<\/li>\n
                  2. chapitaneus > chapitaneus: middle affricate stage of \u201cch,\u201d [t\u0283] to the fricative post-alveolar voiceless [\u0283]<\/li>\n
                  3. chapitaneus > chabitaneus: in French, the stopped bilabial voiceless [p] evolves to the stopped bilabial voiced [b]<\/li>\n
                  4. chabitaneus > chavitaneus: in French, the stopped bilabial voiced [b] evolves to the fricative labiodental voiced [v]<\/li>\n
                  5. chavitaneus > chavitaneu: lenition of word final \u201cs\u201d in coda position<\/li>\n
                  6. chavitaneu > chavitane: lenition of word final \u201cu\u201d in coda position<\/li>\n
                  7. Chavitane > chavitaine: stressed [a] in a free syllable diphthongizes to [aj], which motivates the \u201cai\u201d grapheme<\/li>\n
                  8. Chavitaine > chevitaine: non etymological change of low front [a] from Vulgar Latin in a free syllable becomes high mid front [e] in Middle French<\/li>\n
                  9. chevitaine > chevetaine: non etymological change from short \u012d in Vulgar Latin to become high mid front [e] in free syllable<\/li>\n
                  10. chevetaine > chevitaine: overcorrection of grapheme to reflect Latin etymon<\/li>\n
                  11. chevitaine > chevtaine: syncope of unstressed vowel [i] in coda position<\/li>\n
                  12. chevtaine > cheftaine: devoicing of [v] in coda position<\/li>\n
                  13. cheftaine [\u0283\u025bft\u025bne] > cheftaine [\u0283\u025bft\u025bn]: word final [e] in Vulgar Latin becomes stable [\u0259] in Middle French, which becomes unvoiced in Modern Standard French<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                     <\/p>\n

                    COMP\u0100NI\u014cNEM<\/strong>\u00a0[komp\u0101ni\u014dnem] >\u00a0\u201ccompaignon<\/strong>\u201d [k\u0254moaj\u0272\u0254n] >\u00a0compagnon<\/strong> [k\u0254\u0303pa\u0272\u0254\u0303]<\/p>\n

                    English: \u201ccompanion\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. companionem > companione: lenition of word final [m] in coda position<\/li>\n
                    2. companione > companion: word final [e] in Vulgar Latin becomes [\u0259] in Middle French, which becomes unvoiced in Modern Standard French, and word final vowel \u201ce\u201d is deleted from the grapheme<\/li>\n
                    3. companion > compainon: stressed [a] in a free syllable diphthongizes to [aj], which motivates the \u201cai\u201d grapheme<\/li>\n
                    4. compainon > compaignon: formation of nasal palatal voiced \u201cgn\u201d [\u0272] from palatal consonant cluster \/N + yod\/ = \/N + j\/ in \u201cnio\u201d<\/li>\n
                    5. compaignon > compagnon: overcorrection from Middle French into Modern Standard French by removing the \u201ci\u201d that was not present in the Latin etymon<\/li>\n
                    6. Compagnon k\u0254mpa\u0272\u0254n > compagnon [k\u0254\u0303mpa\u0272\u0254\u0303n]: [\u014f] in Classical Latin becomes [\u0254] in Vulgar Latin, both [\u0254] vowels become nasalized [\u0254\u0303] before the nasal consonants [n] and [m]<\/li>\n
                    7. Compagnon [k\u0254\u0303mpa\u0272\u0254\u0303n] > compagnon [k\u0254\u0303pa\u0272\u0254\u0303]: [m] and [n] nasal vowels in coda position become unvoiced<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                       <\/p>\n

                      PROPHETIA<\/strong> [profetia] > \u201cprophecie<\/strong>\u201d [profetsi] >\u00a0proph\u00e9tie<\/strong> [p\u0281\u0254fesi]<\/p>\n

                      English: \u201cprophecy\u201d<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. prophetia > prophetie: word final [a] in Vulgar Latin becomes the mid central [\u0259] represented as \u201ce\u201d<\/li>\n
                      2. prophetie > prophecie: affricate middle stage [ts] \u201ccie\u201d in Middle French<\/li>\n
                      3. prophecie > prophecie: palatalization of unvoiced alveolar stopped in the palatal cluster [t+j] \u201cc\u201d to fricative alveolar voiceless [s].<\/li>\n
                      4. prophecie > prophetie: overcorrection from Middle French into Modern Standard French by reverting the \u201cc\u201d to the \u201ct\u201d that was present in the Latin etymon, but the pronunciation remains [s]<\/li>\n
                      5. proph\u00e9tie [p\u0281\u0254fesi\u0259] > Proph\u00e9tie[p\u0281\u0254fesi]: mid central [\u0259] becomes unvoiced in Modern Standard French, but the grapheme \u201ce\u201d remains<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                         <\/p>\n

                        CONQUAER\u0114RE<\/strong> [konkajr\u0115re] > \u201cconquerre<\/strong>\u201d [konker\u0259] >\u00a0conqu\u00e9rir<\/strong> [k\u0254\u0303ke\u0280i\u0280]<\/p>\n

                        English: \u201cconquer\u201d<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. conquaerere > conquerere: evolution of the Classical Latin diphthong \u201cae\u201d[aj] to [e] in Vulgar Latin, which remains in Middle French<\/li>\n
                        2. conquerere > conquerre: syncope of interconsonantal \u201ce,\u201d creation of germinate \u201cRR\u201d cluster which reflects the evolution of [r] into [\u0280]<\/li>\n
                        3. conquerre > conquerr: word final [e] in Vulgar Latin becomes stable [\u0259] in Middle French, which becomes unvoiced and is deleted from the grapheme<\/li>\n
                        4. conquerr > conquerir: degemination of \u201ci\u201d in the consonant cluster \u201cRR\u201d<\/li>\n
                        5. conquerir [konke\u0280i\u0280] > conquerir [k\u0254nke\u0280i\u0280]: [\u014f] in Classical Latin becomes [\u0254] in Vulgar Latin<\/li>\n
                        6. conquerir [k\u0254nke\u0280i\u0280] > conquerir [k\u0254\u0303ke\u0280i\u0280]: nasalization of vowel [\u0254] before nasal consonant [n], subsequent syncope of [n], which remains unpronounced in the grapheme<\/li>\n
                        7. conquerir > conqu\u00e9rir: addition of diacritic (aigu)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          CASTELLUM [castelum] > \u201cChasteaulx\u201d [t\u0283atolks] >\u00a0ch\u00e2teaux [\u0283\u0251to] (singular Ch\u00e2teau) English: \u201ccastle\u201d Castellum > chastellum: palatalization of the stop […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":0,"parent":119,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-343","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/343","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/45"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=343"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/343\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":495,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/343\/revisions\/495"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/119"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}