{"id":348,"date":"2015-04-23T15:58:02","date_gmt":"2015-04-23T15:58:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/?page_id=348"},"modified":"2015-05-02T02:50:34","modified_gmt":"2015-05-02T02:50:34","slug":"phonetic-analysis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/sawyer\/phonetic-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Phonetic Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"

1.) HOMINIS > HOMNES<\/em> > hombres [\u00f3mbres]<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. HOMINIS > HOMNIS after syncope of the unstressed vowel [i]<\/li>\n
  2. HOMNIS > HOMNES after unstressed Classical Latin short [i] becomes the high mid front [e] in Vulgar Latin, which remains the same in Spanish<\/li>\n
  3. HOMNES > HOMRES after the nasal + nasal cluster of the nasal labial voiced [m] and the voiced nasal interdental [n] merges with the cluster [mr]<\/li>\n
  4. HOMRES > HOMBRES after the voiced labial plosive [b] is inserted between the nasal labial voiced [m] and the vibrating alveolar voiced [r]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    2.) MULIERIS > MUGIERES <\/em>> mujeres [muxeres]<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. MULIERIS > MULIERES after the stressed Classical Latin short [i] becomes the high mid front [e] in Vulgar Latin, which remains the same in Spanish<\/li>\n
    2. MULIERES > MUGIERES [mu\u028eeres] the yod [l + j] in Classical Latin changes to the sound [\u028e] represented by the grapheme \u201cgi\u201d<\/li>\n
    3. MUGIERES [mu\u028eeres] > MUJERES [muxeres] after the sound [\u028e] evolves into the voiced fricative velar [x]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      3.) FILIUS > FIJO<\/em> > hijo [ixo]<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. FILIUS > FIJUS [fi\u028eus] after the yod [l + j] in Classical Latin changes to [\u028e] in Old Spanish<\/li>\n
      2. FIJUS [fi\u028eus] > FIJUS [fixus] after the [\u028e] in Old Spanish evolves into the voiced fricative velar [x] in Modern Spanish<\/li>\n
      3. FIJUS > FIJU after lenition of the [s] in coda position<\/li>\n
      4. FIJU > FIJO the WORD FINAL short [u] in Classical Latin changes to an [o] in Modern Spanish<\/li>\n
      5. FIJO > HIJO in Old Spanish [f] and [h] where allophones, both conservatively spelled as <f> until the 16th<\/sup> century when writers introduced <h> to represent [h]<\/li>\n
      6. HIJO [hixo] > HIJO [ixo] the orthographic <h> is now silent in Modern Spanish<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        4.) LAXARE > DEXAR<\/em> > dejar [dexar]<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. LAXARE > LAXAR after loss of the word final vowel [e]<\/li>\n
        2. LAXAR > LEXAR after the sporadic change of unstressed [a] to [e]<\/li>\n
        3. LEXAR > DEXAR as a result of a similar verb in Umbrian, another Italic language which had a strong influence in the Romance Languages. In Old Spanish \u201cdexar\u201d and \u201clexar\u201d coexisted<\/li>\n
        4. DEXAR [deksar] > DEJAR [dexar] after the yod [k + s] in Classical Latin changed in to [x] in Modern Spanish<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          5.) FACERE > FACER<\/em> > hacer [aser]<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. FACERE > FACER after loss of the word final vowel [e]<\/li>\n
          2. FACER > HACER in Old Spanish [f] and [h] where allophones, both conservatively spelled as <f> until the 16th<\/sup> century when writers introduced <h> to represent [h]<\/li>\n
          3. HACER [haker] > HACER [aker] the orthographic <h> is now silent in Modern Spanish<\/li>\n
          4. HACER [aker] > HACER [aser] after the yod [k + e] in Classical Latin evolves into [s] in Modern Spanish<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            6.) RECUPERAR > RECOMBRAR<\/em> > recobrar [rekobrar]<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. RECUPERAR > RECOPERAR the short [u] in Classical Latin changes to an [o] in Modern Spanish<\/li>\n
            2. RECOPERAR > RECOPRAR after syncope of the unstressed vowel [e]<\/li>\n
            3. RECOPRAR > RECOBRAR after the partial lenition of [p] to [b] due to the phoneme being in an unprotected position<\/li>\n
            4. RECOBRAR > RECOMBRAR after the sporadic homorganic epenthesis of [m]<\/li>\n
            5. RECOMBRAR > RECOBRAR after the deletion of [m] in coda position<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              7.) EXTRANEU > ESTRA\u00d1O<\/em> > extra\u00f1o [ekstra\u014bo]<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. EXTRANEU > EXTRA\u00d1U after the yod [n + j] changes to [\u014b]<\/li>\n
              2. EXTRA\u00d1U > EXTRA\u00d1O after the short [u] changes to [o]<\/li>\n
              3. EXTRA\u00d1O > ESTRA\u00d1O after the yod [k + s] in Classical Latin changed in to [x] in Modern Spanish<\/li>\n
              4. ESTRA\u00d1O > EXTRA\u00d1O after the spelling changes to reflect the pronunciation of [x]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                8.) PLACERE > PLAZER<\/em> > placer [plaser]<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. PLACERE > PLACER after loss of word final vowel [e]<\/li>\n
                2. PLACER > PLAZER after the yod [k + e] in Classical Latin evolves into the affricate [ts] in Old Spanish<\/li>\n
                3. PLAZER > PLACER after the [ts] evolves into the fricative [s] in Modern Spanish<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  9.) LOCALE > LOGAR<\/em> > lugar [lugar]<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. LOCALE > LOCAL after loss of word final vowel [e]<\/li>\n
                  2. LOCAL > LOGAL after the partial lenition of [k] to [g] due to the phoneme being in an unprotected position<\/li>\n
                  3. LOGAL > LOGAR after the dissimilation of [l] to [r]<\/li>\n
                  4. LOGAR > LUGAR after the sporadic change of [o] to [u]. Normally a short [o] in Classical Latin evolves into [we] in Modern Spanish.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    10.) COCTA > CUETA <\/em>> cuita [cwita]<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. COCTA > COTA after the lenition of [k] in the coda position<\/li>\n
                    2. COTA > CUETA after the short [o] changes into [\u0254] in Vulgar Latin and then to [we] in Old Spanish<\/li>\n
                    3. CUETA > CUITA after the sporadic change of [e] to [i]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      11.) QUASSIARE > AQUEXAR <\/em>> quexar [kejar]<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. QUASSIARE > QUASIARE after the degemination of [s]<\/li>\n
                      2. QUASIARE > QUASIAR after loss of word final vowel [e]<\/li>\n
                      3. QUASIAR > AQUASIAR after the prosthesis of [a]<\/li>\n
                      4. AQUASIAR > AQUAXAR after the original yod [j + a] in Classical Latin evolves into [x] in Old Spanish<\/li>\n
                      5. AQUAXAR > AQUEXAR after the sporadic change of [a] to [e]<\/li>\n
                      6. AQUEXAR > QUEXAR after the syncope of the unstressed vowel [a]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        12.) DEESIBI > DESI<\/em> > desde [desde] all\u00ed [a\u028ei]<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. DEESIBI > DESIBI after the merger of [ee] into [e]<\/li>\n
                        2. DESIBI > DESII after the deletion of [b]<\/li>\n
                        3. DESII > DESI after the merger of [ii] into [i]<\/li>\n
                        4. DESI > DESE the short [i] in Classical Latin changes to an [e] in Modern Spanish<\/li>\n
                        5. DESE > DESDE after the homorganic epenthesis of the dental [d]<\/li>\n
                        6. DESDE > DESDE ALL\u00cd after the word all\u00ed is added in order to maintain the original meaning<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          1.) HOMINIS > HOMNES > hombres [\u00f3mbres] HOMINIS > HOMNIS after syncope of the unstressed vowel [i] HOMNIS […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":0,"parent":130,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-348","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/348","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/45"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=348"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/348\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":577,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/348\/revisions\/577"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=348"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}