{"id":365,"date":"2015-04-23T16:00:10","date_gmt":"2015-04-23T16:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/?page_id=365"},"modified":"2015-04-27T21:43:34","modified_gmt":"2015-04-27T21:43:34","slug":"phonetic-analysis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wescott\/phonetic-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Phonetic Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bolded italicized\u00a0<\/em><\/strong> sections of words\u00a0indicates the stressed syllable.<\/p>\n

DUL<\/strong><\/em>CE [dulke] \u00a0\u00a0> dulce<\/em> [dultse] <\/em>> douce [dus]\u00a0\u00a0 English: (sweet)<\/em><\/p>\n

DULCE [dulke] > DULCE [dultse] : The hard voiceless velar stop \/k\/ sound in the Latin \u201cdulce\u201d [dulke] changes to an affricate \/ts\/ in Old French, due to the \/k+vowel\/ cluster.<\/p>\n

DULCE [dultse] > DULCE [dulse]: The affricate \/ts\/ in old French becomes a voiceless alveolar fricative \/s\/ sound in Modern French [dulse].<\/p>\n

DULCE [dulse] > DOULCE: An \/o\/ in a blocked syllable in Classical Latin changes to a high mid rounded \/o\/ in Vulgar Latin, which evolves to \u201cou\u201d (high back rounded \/u\/) in Modern French.<\/p>\n

DOULCE > DOUCE: Lenition of liquid alveolar lateral sound \/l\/ from its vulnerable coda position at the end of the syllable \u201cdoul\u201d<\/p>\n

DOUCE [duse] >DOUCE [dus\u0259<\/a>]: The high mid front vowel \/e\/ becomes a mid-central \/\u0259<\/a>\/ in the old French.<\/p>\n

DOUCE [dus\u0259<\/a>] > DOUCE [dus]: The pronunciation of the final mid central vowel \/\u0259<\/a>\/ is dropped in Modern French, but the grapheme remains.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

HO<\/strong><\/em>MINES > hommes ><\/em> hommes [om]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 English: (men\/people<\/em>)<\/em><\/p>\n

HOMINES > HOMNES: Syncope of unstressed vowel high front unrounded \/i\/<\/p>\n

HOMNES > HOMMES: Progressive assimilation of the cluster \/mn\/ to \/mm\/<\/p>\n

HOMMES [homes]> HOMMES [hom\u0259<\/a>s]: The high mid front vowel \/e\/ becomes a mid-central \/\u0259<\/a>\/ in the Old French<\/p>\n

HOMMES [hom\u0259<\/a>s] > HOMMES [om]: The initial unvoiced velar approximant \/h\/ is unpronounced in modern French and Classical Latin. The final \/\u0259<\/a>s\/ cluster is unpronounced as well, due to both the lenition of the word final consonant and the evolution of the \/e\/. \u00a0The high mid front vowel \/e\/ becomes a mid-central \/\u0259<\/a>\/ in the old French. The pronunciation of the final mid central vowel \/\u0259<\/a>\/ is then dropped in Modern French, but the grapheme remains.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

METIP<\/strong><\/em>SIMU > me\u00efsme <\/em>> m\u00eame [mem] \u00a0 English:\u00a0(same)<\/em><\/p>\n

METIPSIMU > METISIMU: Lenition of the voiceless bilabial stop consonant \/p\/ from coda position<\/p>\n

METISIMU > METISMU: Lenition of the unstressed high front unrounded vowel \/i\/<\/p>\n

METISMU > METISME: Word final vowel changes from high back rounded vowel \/u\/ to high mid central vowel \/\u0259<\/a>\/ \u201ce.\u201d<\/p>\n

METISME > MEDISME: The voiceless dental stop consonant \/t\/ changes to a voiced dental stop \/d\/.<\/p>\n

MEDISME > MEISME: Lenition of vulnerable voiced dental stop consonant \/t\/ from intervocalic position.<\/p>\n

MEISME > MESME: The high front unrounded short vowel \/i\/ in Classical Latin transforms into the high mid front unrounded vowel \/e\/ in Vulgar Latin in a blocked syllable, which becomes an \/e\/ in the Modern French due to its position in a blocked syllable. The \/ee\/ vowel combination then merges to create a single \/e\/.<\/p>\n

MESME > M\u00caME: Lenition of voiceless alveolar fricative consonant \/s\/ in coda position, the circumflex above the \u201ce\u201d denotes this loss.<\/p>\n

M\u00caME [mem\u0259<\/a>] > M\u00caME [mem]: The final vowel \/\u0259<\/a>\/ in Old French is not pronounced in Modern French, but the grapheme remains.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CUL<\/strong><\/em>PA > culpe ><\/em> coulpe\u00a0\u00a0 English: (guilt)<\/em><\/p>\n

CULPA > CULPE: Word final low front unrounded vowel \/a\/ changes to high mid front unrounded vowel \/e\/.<\/p>\n

CULPE > COULPE: Classical Latin short \/u\/ becomes the high mid rounded \/o\/ in Vulgar Latin, which evolves into the high back rounded \/u\/ in a blocked syllable, and is represented with the grapheme \u201cou.\u201d<\/p>\n

CULPE [kulpe] > CULPE [kulp\u0259] > CULPE [kulp]: The high mid front vowel \/e\/ becomes a mid-central \/\u0259<\/a>\/ in the old French. The pronunciation of the final mid central vowel \/\u0259<\/a>\/ is then dropped in Modern French, but the grapheme remains.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

DE<\/strong><\/em>US > deu > <\/em>dieu\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 English: (God)<\/em><\/p>\n

DEUS > DEU [deu]: Lenition of final voiceless alveolar fricative consonant \/s\/ from vulnerable coda position at the end of syllable \/us\/<\/p>\n

DEU [deu] > DIEU [djew]: Classical Latin short \/e\/ evolves into the low mid front unrounded vowel \/\u025b\/ in Vulgar Latin, which diphthongizes into \/je\/ \u201cie\u201d in Vulgar Latin its evolution into French.<\/p>\n

DIEU [djew] > DIEU [di\u00f8<\/a>]: The pronunciation of the diphthong \u201ceu\u201d changes from \/ew\/ [djew] in Old French to \/i\u00f8<\/a>\/ [di\u00f8<\/a>].<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

LEO<\/strong><\/em>NIS > leons<\/em> > lions [lj\u0254\u0303]\u00a0 English: (lion<\/em>)<\/p>\n

LEONIS > LEONS: Syncope of unstressed high front unrounded vowel \/i\/<\/p>\n

LEONS > LiONS: High mid front unrounded \/e\/ changes to a high front unrounded \/i\/<\/p>\n

LIONS [lions] > LIONS [lj\u0254\u0303]: The alveolar nasal consonant \/n\/ following the vowel causes nasalization (a nasal pronunciation) of the \/io\/ diphthong. The final consonant cluster \/ns\/ undergoes lenition of first the \/s\/ and then the \/n\/ going into Modern French, but the grapheme remains.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

VI<\/strong><\/em>TA > vie <\/em>[vi\u0259<\/a>] > vie [vi]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 English: (life<\/em>)<\/p>\n

VITA\u00a0[wida] > VITA [vida]: the back-set semi-consonant\/glide \/w\/ in Classical Latin changes to a fricative labiodental voiced consonant \/v\/ in French.<\/p>\n

VITA > VITE > Vulgar Latin final low front unrounded vowel \/a\/ changes to high mid front unrounded vowel \/\u0259<\/a>\/ \u201ce\u201d in French.<\/p>\n

VITE > VIE: Lenition of the unprotected intervocalic voiceless dental stop consonant \/t\/ > \/d\/ > zero.<\/p>\n

VIE [vi\u0259<\/a>] > VIE [vi]: The high mid front vowel \/e\/ becomes a mid-central \/\u0259<\/a>\/ in the old French. The pronunciation of the final mid central vowel \/\u0259<\/a>\/ is then dropped in the Modern French pronunciation, but the grapheme remains.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

SAN<\/strong><\/em>CTI > seint<\/em> > saint [s\u025b\u0303] \u00a0English: (saint<\/em>)<\/p>\n

SANCTI > SANTI: Lenition of the voiceless velar stop consonant \/k\/ \u201cc\u201d from unprotected coda position<\/p>\n

SANTI > SENTI: A Classical Latin \/a\/ remains the same in Vulgar Latin, but then becomes an \/e\/ in a blocked syllable in Modern French \u00a0The low mid front vowel \/e\/ is then nasalized, due to assimilation to the manner of articulation of the alveolar nasal consonant \/n\/ directly following it.<\/p>\n

SENT > SEINT: The nasalization process is represented with the grapheme \u201cei.\u201d<\/p>\n

SEINTI > SEINT: Lenition of the word final vowel unstressed high front unrounded \/i\/.<\/p>\n

SEINT > SAINT: The \u201cei\u201d cluster then evolves to a low mid front nasal \/\u025b\u0303\/, depicted with the grapheme \u201cai.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A<\/strong><\/em>NIMA > anme<\/em> > \u00e2me [\u0251m] English: (soul<\/em>)<\/p>\n

ANIMA > ANMA: Syncope of the unstressed high mid front vowel \/i\/<\/p>\n

ANMA > ANME [anm\u0259<\/a>]: The final low front unrounded vowel \/a\/ in the Latin etymon changes to a high mid front unrounded vowel \/e\/. The high mid front vowel \/e\/ becomes a mid-central \/\u0259<\/a>\/ in French.<\/p>\n

ANME > AMME: Regressive assimilation of the cluster \/nm\/ to \/mm\/<\/p>\n

AMME > \u00c2ME: Degemination or lenition of the cluster \/mm\/ to bilabial nasal consonant \/m\/. The circumflex accent above the \/a\/ shows the change.<\/p>\n

\u00c2ME [\u00e2m\u0259<\/a>] > \u00c2ME [am]: The final vowel \/\u0259<\/a>\/ is unpronounced in Modern French, but the grapheme remains.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

SUM<\/strong><\/em> > sun<\/em> > son \/s\u0254\u0303\/\u00a0\u00a0 English: (his<\/em>)<\/p>\n

SUM > SUN: Dissimilation of the bilabial nasal voiced consonant \/m\/ to the denti-aveolar voiced consonant \/n\/.<\/p>\n

SUN > SON [s\u0254\u0303]: The Classical Latin short \/u\/ became an \/o\/ in Vulgar Latin, should have become \/u\/ \u201cou\u201d in the blocked syllable. However, this process was blocked by the nasalization of the high mid back rounded vowel \/o\/, which instead became \/\u0254\u0303\/.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

POT<\/strong><\/em>EST > poet <\/em>> peut [p\u00f8] English: (can<\/em>)<\/p>\n

POTEST > POTET: Lenition of voiceless alveolar fricative syllable \/s\/ in coda position.<\/p>\n

POTET > POET: Lenition of the voiceless dental stop \/t\/ from its vulnerable intervocalic coda position.<\/p>\n

POET > PEUET > PEUT [p\u00f8t]: A long \/o\/ in Classical Latin free syllable becomes an \/o\/ in Vulgar Latin, which then becomes \u201ceu\u201d [\u00f8] in Modern French. The new \/eue\/ vowel cluster is then shortened, after lenition of the unstressed second \/e\/, and the pronunciation changes to [p\u00f8t].<\/p>\n

PEUT [p\u00f8t] > PEUT [p\u00f8]: The final consonant \/t\/ is not pronounced in Modern French, but the grapheme remains.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

LIN<\/strong><\/em>E > lign <\/em>> ligne [li\u0272]\u00a0 \u00a0English: ([blood] line<\/em>)<\/p>\n

LINE > LIGNE [li\u0272]: The problematic cluster of \/n + front vowel e\/ causes a new sound in the word. The sound is represented with \u201cgn\u201d \/\u0272\/.<\/p>\n

LIGNE [line] > LIGNE [lin\u0259<\/a>]: The high mid front vowel \/e\/ becomes a mid-central \/\u0259<\/a>\/ in the Old French.<\/p>\n

LIGNE [lin\u0259<\/a>] > LIGNE [lin]: The pronunciation of the final mid central vowel \/\u0259<\/a>\/ is dropped in Modern French, but the grapheme remains.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bolded italicized\u00a0 sections of words\u00a0indicates the stressed syllable. DULCE [dulke] \u00a0\u00a0> dulce [dultse] > douce [dus]\u00a0\u00a0 English: (sweet) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":0,"parent":175,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-365","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/365","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/45"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=365"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/365\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":467,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/365\/revisions\/467"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.mtholyoke.edu\/romlg2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=365"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}