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Skills

Skills represent specialized areas of expertise and practice, whether climbing walls, studying history, or picking pockets.


Calculating Skills                                      

Your skills are calculated based off your Ability Score Modifiers. The Ability Score Modifier that a skill uses are listed next to the skill. This modifier is the bonus applied to the 1d20 roll you make for that skill check.

Skill Proficiency                                        

What does it mean to be proficient in a skill? It indicates extra time and effort to learn and practice that particular skill. When you are proficient in a skill, you add your Proficiency Score to that skill. Some actions that use skills you can attempt while not proficient with that skill but take disadvantage. Other actions you must be proficient in the skill to even attempt to use.

Important:

You can only be proficient in a number of skills equal to your Proficiency Score or Intelligence Modifier, whichever is higher.

Passive Skills                                             

A Passive Perception is 10 + your Perception bonus, not including bonus dice. This represents your unconscious awareness at all times when you are not actively seeking something with your Perception. A Passive Perception becomes a DC for others to use as a marker for success or failure, where making equal to or higher than is a success.

In fact, all skills technically have this passive form, though some are not used often, if ever, such as Passive History. These are called Passive skill, such as Passive Athletics or Passive Insight. And, like Passive Perception, it is 10 + the skill bonus, not including extra dice.

When do you use Passive Skills and when do you roll the skill? There are various ideas and rules. The most practical is whoever is actively performing the action rolls and compares it to the passive skill of all others. Such as a creature is inflicting the Grabbed condition. While they are holding you, when it is your turn in the encounter, you are actively trying to remove the condition, thus it is your Acrobatics or Athletics against the creatures Passive Athletics.

The same applies to Perception and Stealth or Deception and Insight. If you are actively searching, you roll against Passive Stealth. But if you are actively sneaking, you roll against Passive Perception. If you are lying, it is a roll against Passive Insight. But if you do not trust what someone else is saying, it is a check against their Passive Deception.

That rule holds until both creatures are active. If you are actively lying to someone who distrusts you and is actively trying the roll Insight, you might increase the creature’s Passive Insight, inflict disadvantage to your roll, or just compare two rolls.

Taking 10 or 20                                        

To Take 10 means you forgo a 1d20 roll and instead treat the check as if you had rolled a 10 on the 1d20. Some traits allow you to do this and in some situations the GM might decide it is reasonable. Similar to Taking 10, Taking 20 is treated as if you had rolled a 20. However, choosing to Take 20 can never grant you a critical success.

Armor Check Penalty                              

If a skill includes the Armor Check Penalty, namely Acrobatics, Athletics, Stealth, and Thievery, then it is impacted by restrictive movement from certain armor. Any check penalty that you have from your armor gets added into these skill checks. Then range from 0 down into the negative numbers, reducing your skill bonus.


Skills List

SkillRelated AbilityCheck PenaltyActions
AcrobaticsDexterityYesBalance
Escape
Flying
Tumble
Arcana (Fantasy)IntelligenceIdentify a Spell
Learn a Spell
Read Magic
Recall Knowledge
AthleticsStrengthYesBreak
Break Grapple
Climb
Combat Maneuver
Jump
Swim
CraftingIntelligenceCreate
Repair
DeceptionCharismaDisguise
Feint
Lie
DiplomacyCharismaLearn Information
Social Interaction
DungeoneeringIntelligenceForage
Know Direction
Recall Knowledge
Engineering (Steampunk)IntelligenceBuild a Machine
Read Blueprints
Recall Knowledge
HistoryIntelligenceRecall Knowledge
InsightWisdomDiscern Lies
Divine
IntimidationCharismaCoerce
Demoralize
LoreIntelligenceRecall Knowledge
MedicineWisdomFirst Aid
Identify Wounds
Treat Disease
Treat Poison
NatureWisdomHandle Animal
Recall Knowledge
Ride
Train Animal
PerceptionWisdomSearch
PerformCharismaPerform
ProfessionWisdomExpertise
Work
ReligionWisdomPerform a Ritual
Recall Knowledge
SocietyIntelligenceForgery
Linguistics
Recall Knowledge
Rough Living
StealthDexterityYesConceal an Object
Hide / Sneak
SurvivalWisdomBuild Shelter
Forage
Hide Tracks
Know Direction
Track
ThieveryDexterityYesDisable
Pick a Lock
Steal

Beyond the Skill Basics

For more about earning incomes or crafting with skills, see the page linked above.