Phonetic Analysis

Intrāre > Entrar

1. Initial word vowel change [#i] high, front, unrounded > [#e] high mid, front, unrounded — Entrare
2. Word final vowel change [e] > [ø]. The Classical Latin verb is an example of a Class 1 verb, which causes the modern Spanish reflex loses all traces of the final [e].
3. In the Classical Latin Etymon, [ā] in the stressed syllable “tra” becomes [a] in Vulgar Latin. This carries over into the final form of the word in Spanish.

Dare > Dar

1. Final vowel change [e] > [ø]. The final “e” is lost from the Spanish reflex.

 

Laxāre > Dejar

1. Fortition of word initial consonant [l] > [d]— Daxāre.
2. In the Classical Latin Etymon, [ā] in the stressed syllable “xa” becomes [a] in Vulgar Latin. This carries over into the final form of the word in Spanish—Daxare.
3. Initial word vowel change [a] > [e]—Dexare
4. The grapheme “x” in Classical Latin evolves to be “j” while still bearing the same pronunciation of [x] because it remains in a protected intervocalic position—Dejare.
5. The final word vowel change [e] > [ø]. The final “e” is lost from the Spanish reflex—Dejar.

 

Caballicāre > Cabalgar

1. Degemination of “ll” cluster —Cabalicāre.
2. Syncope of unstressed vowel “I”—Cabalcāre.
3. Lenition of the grapheme “c” > ”g”—Cabalgāre
4. In the Classical Latin Etymon, [ā] in the stressed syllable “ga” becomes [a] in Vulgar Latin. This carries over into the final form of the word in Spanish—Cabalgare.
5. The final word vowel change [e] > [ø]. The final “e” is lost from the Spanish reflex— Cabalgar.

 

Cubĭtus > Codo

1. Syncope of unstressed vowel “I”— Cubtus.
2. Partial lenition of “t” >”d”— Cubdus
3. In the Classical Latin Etymon, [ŭ] in the stressed syllable “cub” becomes [o] in Vulgar Latin. This carries over into the final form of the word in Spanish— Cobdus
4. Full lenition of word final [s#]— Cobdu
5. Final word vowel change [ŭ] > [o] — Cobdo.
6. Lenition of “b” to relieve “bd” cluster— Codo

 

Plicāre > Llegar

1. Palatalization of “Pl” cluster [pl] > [λ] — [λikare]
2. Delateralization of the grapheme [λ] > [ȷ] represented by the grapheme “ll” —Llicāre
3. Lenition of the grapheme “c” > “g” — Lligāre
4. In the Classical Latin Etymon, [ā] in the stressed syllable “ga” becomes [a] in Vulgar Latin. This carries over into the final form of the word in Spanish — Lligare
5. Initial vowel change [i] > [e] —Llegare
6. The final word vowel change [e] > [ø]. The final “e” is lost from the Spanish reflex— Llegar

 

Parēre > Parecer

1. In the Classical Latin Etymon, [ē] in the stressed syllable “re” becomes [e] in Vulgar Latin. This carries over into the final form of the word in Spanish — Parere
2. Epenthesis of grapheme “c” — Parecre
3. Methathesis of the grapheme “r” —Parecer

 

Nascĕre > Nacer

1. In the Classical Latin Etymon, [ā] in the stressed syllable “na” becomes [a] in Vulgar Latin. This carries over into the final form of the word in Spanish— Nascere
2. Simplification of “sc” cluster —Nacere
3. The final word vowel change [e] > [ø]. The final “e” is lost from the Spanish reflex — Nacer

 

Ovicŭla > Oveja

1. Syncope of unstressed vowel [ŭ] — Ovicla
2. Palatalization and delateralization of “cl” cluster [-kl-] > [λ] > [ȷ] —Ovija
3. In the Classical Latin Etymon, [ĭ] in the stressed syllable “vi” becomes [e] in Vulgar Latin. This carries over into the final form of the word in Spanish — Oveja
4. The glide semiconsonant in syllable initial position [w] becomes [b] a plosive, bilabial, voiced consonant. The grapheme remains the same in Spanish.

 

Mansionāta > Mesnada

1. Metathesis of “ns” cluster – Masnionāta
2. Syncope of unstressed syllable “nio” —Masnāta
3. Lenition of “t” to “d” –Masnāda
4. In the Classical Latin Etymon, [ā] in the stressed syllable “na” becomes [a] in Vulgar Latin. This carries over into the final form of the word in Spanish— Masnada
5. Initial word vowel change [a] > [e] —Mesnada

 

Pedōnis > Peones

1. In the Classical Latin Etymon, [ō] in the stressed syllable “do” becomes [o] in Vulgar Latin. This carries over into the final form of the word in Spanish — Pedonis
2. Full lenition of grapheme “d” —Peonis
3. Word final vowel change [ĭ] > [e] —Peones

 

Captīvus > Cautivos

1. Lenition of grapheme “p” —Catīvus
2. Addition of prosthetic vowel “u” –Cautīvus
3. In the Classical Latin Etymon, [ī] in the stressed syllable “ti” becomes [i] in Vulgar Latin. This carries over into the final form of the word in Spanish — Cautivus
4. Word final vowel change [ŭ] > [o] —Cautivos